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circulation and gas exchange intro bio 2
General properties of circulatory systemsa circ system has: | -circulatory fluid | -set of interconnection vessels | -muscular pump(s), the heart |
3 chambered hearts of amphibiansThe three chambered hearts of amph and nonavian reptiles are adaptive allowing variation in blood flow through the heart |
bloodconnective tissue | consists of cells suspended in liquid matrix called plasma | plasma ~55% cells~45% | | | plasma | water | cellular elements | leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes |
Gas exchange and respiratory surfacesgas exchange | supplies O2 for cellular respiration and disposes of CO2 | occurs via diffusion | accomplished via large, moist resp surfaces between cells and medium | | | things like skin, gills, tracheae, lungs |
| | single and double circulationsingle | | | fluid leaving heart travels to respir. organs and organ system before returning to heart | double | | | two different circuits | | | pulmonary: lung capillaries | | | systemic:body capillaries |
parts of heart/circ systemarteries | carry blood AWAY from heart to pulmonary (deoxygenated) & systemic circuits (oxygenated) | veins | carry blood back to heart from pulmonary and systemic circuits | pulmonary circuit | pulmonary arteries | | | pulmonary veins | systemic circuit | aorta | | | superior and inferior vena cava |
ventilationbreathing | process that ventilates the lungs; alternate inhalation and exhalation of air | | | mechanisms vary across taxa |
| | Closed Circulatory Systemscardiovascular system | circulatory fluid: blood | interconnected vessels: | arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins | pump: heart | gas exchange mechanism | gills/lungs | blood has to get to: | respiratory tissue | pulmonary circuit | organ systems | systemic circuit |
respiratory pigmentsproteins that transport oxygen; greatly increase the amount of O2 that blood can carry | | | hemoglobin, myoglobin, hemocyanin | hemoglobin | resp. pigment w/ high affinity for O2 | Bohr shift: | co2 decreases pH and the affinity of hemoglobin for O2 | hemoglobin can bind co2 but most is transported in plasma |
Disorders of circ system>50% of deaths in US | cardiovascular disease | disorder of heart and or blood vessels | atherosclerosis: | buildup of plaques in arteries | heart attack | blockage of 1 or more coronary arteries | stroke | rupture or blockage of arteries to brain | hypertension | high BP, increases risk of plaque buildup and heart attack |
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