Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
Chemistry of Life Test Review
INQUIRY ABOUT LIFE
*an organisms adaptations to its environment are the result of evolution |
*EXAMPLE :a beach mouses light dapple fur allows the mouse to blend into its surroundings |
*evolution is the process of change that has resulted in the astounding array of organisms found on earth |
<-- fundamental principle of biology |
BIOLOGY is the scientific study of LIFE |
DNA - THE GENETIC MATERIAL
* a DNA molecule holds hundreds or thousands of genes, each a stretch of DNA along the chromosome |
Genes: the units of inheritances that transmit information from parent to parent |
* as cells grow and divide, the genetic information encoded by DNA directs their development |
* a DNA molecule is made of 2 long strands arranged in a double helix |
* each link of a chain is one of 4 kinds of chemical building blocks-nucleotides: "A,T,C,G" |
* DNA provides blueprints for making proteins, the major players in building and maintains a cell |
* genes control protein production indirectly using RNA as an intermediary |
*Gene expression: the process of converting information from a gene to its cellular product |
|
|
EMERGENT PROPERTIES
* result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system |
*they characterize non biological entities as well |
EXAMPLE: a functioning bike emerges only when all of the needed parts connect in the right way |
* biologists today complement reductionism with systems biology, the exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts |
GENOMICS: LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS OF DNA SEQUENCES
* an organisms genome is its entire set of genetic information |
* genomics: the study of sets of genes within and between species |
* proteomics refers to the study of sets of proteins and their properties |
* the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue of organism is called proteome |
* "high-throughput" technology refers to tools that can analyze biological samples very rapidly |
* bioinformatics is the use of computational tools to store, organize and analyze the huge volume of data |
LEVELS OF HIERARCHY
1.) ORGANELLES |
2.) CELLS |
3.) TISSUES |
4.) ORGANS |
5.) ORGAN SYSTEMS |
6.) ORGANISMS, POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES |
7.) ECOSYSTEMS |
8.) BIOSPHERE |
|
|
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
* at each level of the biological hierarchy we find a correlation between structure and function |
EUKARYOTIC CELLS |
PROKARYOTIC CELLS |
* analyzing a biological structure can give clues about what it does and how it works |
*contain membrane enclosing organelles including DNA-containing nucleus |
* lack a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles and are generally smaller than eukaryotes |
- the cell is the smallest unit of life that can perform all activities required for life |
* some organelles like chloroplasts are limited only to certain cell types; those that carry out photosynthesis |
ENERGY AND MATTER
* energy flows through an ecosystem, usually entering as light and exiting as heat |
* chemical elements remain within an ecosystem, where they are used then recycled |
EVOLUTION
the concept that the organisms living today are modified descents of common ancestors |
NATURAL SELECTION
mechanism for evolution called natural selection because the "natural environment" selects for certain traits among those in population |
|
Created By
Metadata
Comments
No comments yet. Add yours below!
Add a Comment
Related Cheat Sheets
More Cheat Sheets by katiefocht