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muscle functions and where to find
Muscles of scalp, face and neckOccipitalis | pulls scalp posteriorly (occipital and temporal bone) | Frontalis | elevates eyebrows (epicranial aponeurosis) | Temporalis | closes jaw (zygomatic bone) | Buccinator | compress cheeks (alveolar process of maxilla/mandible) | Mentalis | Elevates lower lip (incisive fossa of mandible) | Orbicularis Oculi | closes eyes (orbit) | Orbicularis oris | Purses lips (mandible) | Levator labii superioris | Elevates upper lips (inferior margin of orbit) | Masseter | closes jaw (zygomatic arch) | Zygomaticus major | retracts and elevates corners of mouth (zygomatic bone) | Sternocleidmastoid | Together: Flex neck. Alone:turns face to opposite side (sternal end of clavicle and manubrium) | Digastric | depressed mandible (inferior surface of mandible/temporal bone) | Platysma | depresses mandible (acromion of scapula) | Depressor labii inferioris | depresses lower lip (mandible) | Mylohyoid | elevates hyoid bone (mandible) |
Muscles of the armCoracobrachialis | flexion and abduction of arm (coracoid process of scapula) | Biceps brachii | flexion of forearm | Triceps brachii | forearm extension | Brachioradialis | forearm flexion | Brachialis | flexes forearm |
Muscles of anterior legTibialis anterior | prime mover of dorsiflexion |
Leg and forearmExtensor digitorum | extends fingers | Extensor digitorum | extends toes |
Leg and forearmExtensor digitorum | extends fingers | Extensor digitorum | extends toes |
| | Superficial muscles of thorax and backPectoralis major | prime mover of arm flexion (sternal end of clavicle) | Pectoralis minor | Protracts and rotates scapula downward (ribs 3-5) | Trapezius | Stabilizes, elevates, and rotates scapula (occipital bone) |
Deep muscles of the thorax and backInternal intercostal | depression of rib cage (superior border of rib cage) | External intercostal | elevation of rib cage (inferior border of rib cage) | Diaphragm | prime mover of inspiration (inferior surface of rib cage) | Serratus anterior | rotates scapula upward (anterior surface of scapula) | Rhomboids | stabilizes scapula (spinous process of C7 and T1) |
Muscles of the abdominal regionRectus abdominus | Flex and rotates lumbar region of vertebral column | Internal oblique | compress abdominal wall | External oblique | compress abdominal wall |
Muscles crossing the shoulder jointSubscapularis | medial rotation of arm | Latissimus dorsi | prime mover of arm extension | Supraspinatus | Initiates abduction of arm (near traps) | Infraspinatus | laterally rotates arm (scapula) | Teres major | extends and medially rotates and adducts arm | Deltoid | prime mover of arm abduction (acromion and spine of scapula) |
Muscles of posterior legGastrocnemius | Plantar flexion of foot | Soleus | Plantar flexion of foot (deep) |
| | Muscles of the forearmPronator teres | pronates forearm (medial epicondyle of humerus) | Palmaris longus | tenses skin of palm during hand movement (medial epicondyle of humerus) | Flexor carpi radialis | flexion of hand | Flexor carpi ulnaris | Flexes and adducts hand | Extensor carpi radialis longus | extends hand | Extensor carpi radialis brevis | extends and abducts hand | Extensor carpi ulnaris | extends hand | Adductor pollicis | adducts and helps oppose the thumb | Extensor pollicis brevis | Extends thumb |
Muscles of anterior thighSartorius | flexes and abducts thigh | Pectineus | Adducts and medially rotates thigh | Adductor longus | Adducts and medially rotates thigh | Adductor magnus | Adducts and medially rotate and flexes thigh | Gracilis | adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates the leg | Rectus femoris | extends leg and flexes thigh | Vastus lateralis | extends leg and stabilizes knee | Vastus intermedius | extends leg | vastus medialis | extends leg |
Muscles of the posterior thighGluteus maximus | extends thigh | Gluteus medius | abducts and medially rotates thigh | Biceps femoris | Extends thigh and flexes leg | Semitendinosus | extends thigh and flexes leg | Semimembranosus | extends thigh and flexes leg |
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