Epithelial Tissueepi: above, over, outer | characteristics: | 1) closely packaged cells | 2) polarity: apical (free) surface and basal (attached) surface | 3) supported underneath by connective tissue | 4) has nerves, but no blood vessels (avascular) | 5) can regenerate easily |
Types of Epithelium Image
What makes a tissue connective?1) common origin: mesenchyme | 2) variation in blood supply | ~blood and bone are vascular | ~tendons and ligaments are poorly vascular | 3) extracellular matrix | ~ground substance, fibers, cells |
Ground Substance, Fibers, Cells Image
Root Words-blast: build, create | -cyte: cell | Adip-: fat | Chondro-: cartilage | Osteo-: bone | Hema-: blood |
Epithelial Glandsgland: group of epithelial cells that make and secrete a product | secretion: both the process and the "stuff" that comes out of a gland |
Exocrine Gland Examplesmerocrine gland: no part of the cell is lost with the secretion (ex: salivary gland) | apocrine gland: the top of the cell is lost with the secretion (ex: mammary glands) | holocrine gland: the whole cell detaches with the secretion (ex: sebaceous glands) |
Exocrine Gland Examples Image
Cardiac Musclesstructure: | ~branched | | | ~1 or 2 nuclei | | | ~striated | speed: | ~in between slow and fast | control: | ~involuntary (automatic; brain takes over) | location: | ~heart |
Serous Membranestructure: | ~composed of the mesothelium | | | ~outer layer: lines the body cavities called parietal | | | ~inner layer: covers the internal organs called visceral | | | ~made up of simple squamous epithelial cells and loose connective tissue | function: | secretes serous fluid that lubricates the membrane and reduces abrasion and friction between the two layers | location: | ~line the body cavities closed to the exterior of the body | | | ~~ex) the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities |
| | Layers of Epithelial Tissuesimple: one layer | stratified: more than one layer |
Layers of Epithelial Tissue Image
Where can we find some of this tissue?squamous: walls of capillaries and alveoli in lungs | cuboidal: lining of ducts in glands | columnar: lining of airways | stratified squamous: skin and lining of mouth |
Where can we find some of this tissue? Image
Endocrine Glandstructure: varied | function: endocrine glands produce hormones that are secreted into surrounding extracellular space | ~stay inside the body | ~travel to other organs/cells to have an effect | location: ex) pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, and testes |
Smooth Musclesstructure: | ~spindle shaped | | | ~1 nuclei | speed: | ~slow | control: | ~involuntary (automatic; brain takes over) | location: | ~walls of hollow organs (e.g. stomach) | | | ~walls of blood vessels |
Nervous Tissuecomposed of: | ~neurons | | | ~supporting cells | function: | ~generate and transmit chemical and electrical signals to... | | | 1) respond to stimulus | | | 2) communicate within the body | location: | ~brain | | | ~spinal cord | | | ~peripheral nerves (throughout body tissues) |
Cutaneous Membranestructure: | ~consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium | function: | ~protects the body from desiccation and pathogens | location: | ~skin, covers the body surface |
| | Shape of Cellssquamous: cells are flat | cuboidal: cells are shaped like cubes | columnar: cells are shaped like columns | basement membrane: bottom; connective tissue | pseudostratified columnar: false layers of columnar shaped cells |
Connective Tissuemost abundant and widely distributed tissue | functions: | 1) binding and support | 2) protection | 3) insulation | 4) transport substances |
Connective Tissue Fibersprovide support | ~elastic: branched; provides stretch | ~reticular: fine branched network | ~collagen: no branching; strength |
Connective Tissue Cellsfibroblast: make connective tissue proper | chondroblast: make cartilage | osteoblast: make bone | hematopoietic stem cell: make blood |
Exocrine Glandstructure: unicellular and multicellular (simple (unbranched) and compound (branched)) | function: secrete out onto body cavity surfaces or on to body surfaces | location: skin and body cavities | ~ex) goblet cells: produce mucus in the intestinal and respiratory tracts | ~ex) sweat, oil, salivary glands... |
Skeletal Musclesstructure: | ~multinucleated | | | ~straight | | | ~striated | speed: | ~fast | control: | ~voluntary (you control it) | location: | ~throughout the body | | | ~attached to tendons and bone | | | ~attach to aponeurosis |
Mucous Membranestructure: | ~coated with secretions of mucous glands | | | ~composite of connective and epithelial tissue | function: | ~secrete mucous | | | ~helps support the fragile epithelial layers | | | ~prevents bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated | location: | ~line the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts |
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