5 Brain Divisoons Cheat Sheet by drax

The telenc­eph­alon, the largest brain division, includes the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system, governing conscious thought, percep­tion, emotions, and voluntary motor functions.

Respon­sible for conscious thought, percep­tion, reasoning, and voluntary motor control. - Divided into different lobes, each with specific functions: - Frontal lobe: Involved in motor control, decisi­on-­making, and executive functions. - Temporal lobe: Respon­sible for auditory processing and memory. - Parietal lobe: Processes sensory inform­ation and spatial awareness. - Occipital lobe: Primarily handles visual proces­sing.

Group of subcor­tical nuclei that play a crucial role in motor control and procedural learning. - Dysfun­ction can result in movement disorders like Parkin­son's disease.

Collection of structures that regulate emotions, motiva­tion, learning, and memory. - Key components include: - Amygdala: Respon­sible for emotional proces­sing, partic­ularly fear and aggres­sion. - Hippoc­ampus: Crucial for memory formation, especially in the consol­idation of long-term memories. - Hypoth­alamus: Regulates emotional and autonomic functions, including hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms.

The limbic system is involved in the formation of emotional memories and the influence of emotional responses on decisi­on-­making.

The dience­phalon, composed of the thalamus and hypoth­alamus, regulates sensory inform­ation relay and internal bodily functions, mainta­ining homeos­tasis.

Acts as a relay station for sensory inform­ation.

Regulates the internal enviro­nment of the body, including temper­ature, salt concen­tra­tion, hormones, and more. - Maintains homeos­tasis by adjusting physio­logical condit­ions. - Controls various functions like body temper­ature, appetite, body weight, heart rate, and blood pressure. - Connects the endocrine and nervous systems by intera­cting with the pituitary gland.

The mesenc­eph­alon, located in the brainstem, contains the tectum (respo­nsible for sensory proces­sing) and tegmentum (assoc­iated with motor control and pain percep­tion).

Composed of two pairs of bumps: inferior colliculi (auditory) and superior colliculi (visua­l-m­otor). - Involved in directing the body's orient­ation toward or away from visual stimuli.

Contains the periaq­ued­uctal gray (mediates analgesic effects), substantia nigra (senso­rimotor system), and red nucleus (senso­rimotor system).

The metenc­ephalon comprises the pons (regulates autonomic functions and connects brain regions) and the cerebellum (coord­inates voluntary muscle movements and posture, with cognitive functi­ons).

Major division of the metenc­eph­alon. - Regulates various autonomic functions such as breathing and sleep.

Large, convoluted structure on the brain stem's dorsal surface. - Coordi­nates voluntary muscle movements, posture, and balance. - Also involved in cognitive functions, including decisi­on-­making and language.

The myelen­cep­halon is composed of tracts for signal transm­ission between the brain and the body, while the reticular formation within it plays a role in arousal, sleep, attention, and autonomic functions.

Complex network of about 100 tiny nuclei occupying the central core of the brain stem. - Contains a mixture of cell bodies and axons. - Functions as the reticular activating system, playing a role in arousal. - Involved in various functions, including sleep, attention, movement, muscle tone mainte­nance, cardiac, circul­atory, and respir­atory reflexes.