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Phylum Chordata
Lancelets |
Cephalochordata |
Tunicates |
Urochordata |
Chondrichthyans
jawed cartilaginous fishes |
sharks and stingrays |
Gnathostomes
vertebrates with a jaw |
like sharks! |
tetrapods
sarcopterygians with limbs |
Need: |
4 limbs with digits |
neck for seperate movement of head |
fusion of pelvic girdle to backbone |
ears for airborne sounds |
Dinosauria
Ornithischia |
bird hipped, herbivores |
Saurischia |
lizard hipped |
| |
herbivores- sauropods |
| |
carnivores- theropods |
| |
birds |
Aves |
birds |
| |
forelimbs into wings |
| |
keratinized feathers |
| |
hollow skeletons |
| |
no teeth |
|
|
Craniates
chordates with a head |
Have: |
skull, brain, eyes and other sense organs, high metabolism |
Example: |
Hagfishes |
Myxini |
Reptiles
derived characters: |
scales for waterproof |
shelled eggs on land |
lepidosaurs |
lizards and snakes |
archosaurs |
crocodillians, dinos, bird, turtles |
|
|
Vertebrates
craniates with a backbone |
have vertebrae |
Example: |
Lampreys |
petromyzontida |
Osteichthyans
gnathostomes with bony endoskeletons |
bony fishes!! |
actinopterygii |
ray-finned fishes |
yellowfin tuna, seahorse |
Sarcopterygii
lobe-finned fishes |
Lungfish |
Tiktaalik
an ancient sarcopterygian and tetrapod |
Amphibians
simple eggs with the embryo surrounded by a jelly coat |
amniotes |
tetrapods with amniotic eggs |
Mammalia
mammals |
amniotes with hair |
derived characters: |
mammary glands |
hair |
high metabolic rate |
endothermy |
large brain |
different teeth |
main groups |
Monotremes |
platypus, BASAL MAMMAL TAXA, still lay eggs |
Marsupials |
dont lay eggs, embryo connected to placenta then to pouch.. kangaroos! |
Eutherians |
most mammals |
|
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