Chemistry Unit 1 Cheat Sheet by anjuscha

Chemistry

Study of substances that make up the world and the changes they undergo

Science

Process inv. the collection of info that is supported by evid­ence

Science relies on process, is objective, is updated constantly

Pseudo­science lacks process, is subject, is resistant to new info (i.e. flat earters..)

Scientific question

Based on obs. and is test­able

A good one

narrow focus, unknown answer, addresses gap in knowledge, leads to a hypothesis that can be tested

Dependent variable

Variable that is changed by another variable

Qualit­ative

Obs/data that is not measured on number­s/p­recise measur­ements

Sc. Inquiry

Process of using obs, inv., and exp. to learn about natural phenomena

Controlled exp.

an exp. in which one variable is changed

Exp. sample

sample in a controlled exp. in which one variable changes

Writing a lab report

Questi­on/­Hyp­othesis -> materials -> procedure -> result­s/data -> analysis -> conclusion

Skepticism

Open minded knowledge in a certain area may be uncertain

Scientific census

General agreement along scientists on an idea

Databases

Pubmed, NCBI, NHI, Google scholar

Hypothesis

Testable expl. of a sc. problem based on research and obs. (if/then). Must be testable, suppor­ted­/re­futed by data

Law

Statement of facts generally accepted to be true, describes relati­onships in nature, but does not prov. explan­ation; can be used to predict events­/exp. results, support. by all obs. and data, doesn't

Dalton's Atomic Theory

all matter is comp. of atoms, atoms cannot be made/d­est­royed during chemical reactions, all atoms of an element are identical, different elements have diff. kinds of atoms, chemical reactions occur through rearra­ngement of atoms

Reprod­uci­bility leads to reliab­ility

Theory must be supported by all evidence, other scientists should get similar results, all experiment must be reprod­ucible

MSDS (material safety data sheet)

Describes proper­ties, handling, and emergency procedures of a substance

Handling chemic­als­/eq­uipment

Use tongs/­mitts for hot objects, label all contai­ners, inspect equipment before use, dispose of all substances approp­riately

Emergency equipment

Fire exting­uisher, eye wash, safety shower, first-aid kit

Handling glass ware

check for breaks­/chips, use tongs/­holders

Use of chemicals

Use clear/­acc­urate labels, do not taste/­sme­ll/­touch chemicals, use pipettes to transfer liquids, do not put liquids back into storage container, refer to MSDS for storag­e/d­isp­osa­l/h­andling

Cuts from broken glassware

apply pressu­re/­flush

Inhalation of toxic chemicals

Get fresh air/report

Balance

Measure mass

Buret

Used to deliver specific volume, i.e. titrate volumes

Graduated cylinder

Measure volume of liquid

Kelvin

SI unit for temper­ature in science, 0 C = -273.15 K

Liter

SI unit for volume

inference

logical conclusion made from observ­ation

Quanti­tative data

numerical data that can be measured, data that is easy to analyze over graph or table, has units, always numbers

Tables

Used for numerical data set in columns and rows

Labels

for all parts of charts, tables, and graphs