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Market segments
- Not "one" shipping segment |
- Started in the 20th century |
- Took off after WWII |
- Demand for resources to build cities up again |
- Has both supply and demand |
Market structure
- 43% of cargo in Europe is on ships |
- 270 shipowners |
- Largest companies in Norway are Wilson, SeaCargo/SeaTrans, Green Reefers, Unifeeder, NorLines |
- 500 Norwegian owned vessels |
- Ship types: bulk, container, RoRo, RoPax |
- Often old tonnage that need updates |
- Small onshore organisations |
- Cooperation / competition with rail and road |
Income:
Long term chartering
- Other shipping modes
- large companies
- governmental agencies
Main shipping segments
Influence
- Types of ships
- Markets
- Types of cargo
- Taskts
- Customers
- Succsess criteria
- key stakeholders
Deep sea shipping
- Global shipping routes
- large ships, transport large amount of cargo
- Definition
-- "Deep sea shipping, international shipping or ocean shipping refers to maritime traffic that crosses the ocean."
Short sea shipping
- Feeder traffic
- Liner traffic
- Smaller ships in the same segment
- Definition
-- "Maritime transport within a region, essentially serving port-to-port feeder traffic which can be in competition with land transport." |
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General Cargoes
- Containers |
- Small loose cargoes |
- Pallets |
- Pre-slung cargo |
- Small-volume liquid cargoes |
- Heavy cargoes |
- Special cargoes that are difficult to handle |
- TO-TO [Trot on-Trot off] |
Specialized shipping
- Norway has 40% |
- Chemicals |
- Liquefied gas |
- Reefer cargoes |
- Unit load cargoes |
- Passenger shipping |
Economics based on:
- Improved cargo handling
- Improved stowage, more cargo each journey
- integration with onshore transport systems
Types of service
Transportation
- Liner ships, regular voyage [like a bus]
- Tramp ships, whenever or wherever the market is [like a taxi]
Do work
- Service
- Service oil and gas |
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Recent trends
- Shipping companies have widened their portfolio of services |
- Increased specialization in the supply of maritime transport services –change in ship size and ship characteristics |
- Development of alliances or pools in e.g. bulk trades |
- Raising sustainability imperatives and climate change concerns leading to sustainable shipping |
- World trade continues developing, esp. in the developing countries |
- Intermodal transport system |
- Super-slow steaming |
Competition intensity
- Internal rivalry |
- Strong price pressure |
- Large and small suppliers |
- Strong competition from road and rail transport |
- Many suppliers |
Why is shipping important?
- Reduction of pollution |
- Reduction of road transport accidents |
- Reduces transport network congestion levels |
- Reduces investments in transportation infrastructure |
- Increases port hinterland competitiveness |
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