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Roll on / Roll off- Created to accommodate cargo that can roll onto the ship by itself | - No cranes needed –all ports suitable | - PCC - Pure car carriers | - PCTC - Pure car and truck carriers | - HH - High and heavy | - Demand is large –future seems safe | - Challenged by FEUs? | - CEU - car equivalent unit |
| | | | RoPax- Roll on / roll off passenger | - ROPAX built to freight vehicle transport along with passenger accommodation | - Catamarans, ro-ro ferries | - New ships, environmental focus (hybrid, LNG, batteries) | - Income from both government subsidies and tickets | - Competition from bridges and tunnels |
Segment competition intensity:
- Increased competition internally in the segment, especially small vs large
- Cars and planes are substitutes
- Some small newcomers, many suppliers
- Large customers (state, county)
- Pressure in bidding processes, small margins
- Some economies of scale and minimum crew |
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