Selenium WebDriver Cheat Sheet Cheat Sheet

Driver Initialization

Firefox (Below v.47)^{Refer Part2-Page58}	System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "PathTo\\geckodriver.exe");
Download from https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases	WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
Chrome^{Refer Part2-Page59}	System.setProperty("WebDriver.chrome.driver", System.getProperty("user.dir")+"//BrowserDrivers//chromedriver.exe");
Download from https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads	WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
Internet Explorer^{Refer Part2-Page59}	System.setProperty("WebDriver.ie.driver", "PathTo//IEDriverServer.exe");
Download from The Internet Explorer Driver Server at http://docs.seleniumhq.org/download/	WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
Safari Driver	WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();

Selenium Locators

Locating by ID ^{Refer Part2-Page37}	driver.findElement(By.id("q")).sendKeys("Selenium 3");
Locating by Name^{Refer Part2-Page37}	driver.findElement(By.name("q")).sendKeys("Selenium 3");
Locating by Xpath^{Refer Part2-Page37/38}	driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='q']")).sendKeys("Selenium 3");
Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text ^{Refer Part2-Page38/39}	driver.FindElement(By.LinkText("edit this page")).Click();
Locating by DOM^{Refer Part2-Page39}	dom =document.getElementById('signinForm')
Locating by CSS^{Refer Part2-Page40-43}	driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("#rightbar > .menu > li:nth-of-type(2) > h4"));
Locating by ClassName^{Refer Part2-Page37}	driver.findElement(By.className("profile-header"));
Locating by TagName^{Refer Part2-Page37}	driver.findElement(By.tagName("select")).Click();
Locating by LinkText^{Refer Part2-Page37-40}	driver.findElement(By.linkText("NextPage")).click();
Locating by PartialLinkText^{Refer Part2-Page37-40}	driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("NextP")).click();

ISTQB Advanced Test Automation Engineering

https://engineers-hub.teachable.com/p/istqb-advanced-level-test-automation-engineer-professional-training-with-q-a

Selenium Q&A

https://www.udemy.com/course/certified-selenium-tester-foundation/

Find element VS Find elements

driver.findElement()	When no match has found(0) throws NoSuchElementException when 1 match found returns a WebElement instance when 2+ matches found returns only the first matching web element
driver.findElements()	when no macth has found (0) returns an empty list when 1 match found returns a list with one WebElement when 2+ matches found returns a list with all matching WebElements

Handle alerts: (Web-based alert pop-ups)

driver.switchTO().alert.getText()	to retrieve the alert message
driver.switchTO().alert.accept()	to accept the alert box
driver.switchTO().alert.dismiss()	to cancel the alert box
driver.switchTO().alert.sendKeys(“Text”)	to send data to the alert box

Page Loading Strategy

normal	ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
eager: When setting to eager, Selenium WebDriver waits until DOMContentLoaded event fire is returned.	ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
none: When set to none Selenium WebDriver only waits until the initial page is downloaded.	ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);

The document.readyState property of a document describes the loading state of the current document. By default, WebDriver will hold off on responding to a driver.get() (or) driver.navigate().to() call until the document ready state is complete
By default, when Selenium WebDriver loads a page, it follows the normal pageLoadStrategy.

Cookies

addCookie(arg)	driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("foo", "bar"));
getCookies()	driver.manage().getCookies(); // to get all cookies
getCookieNamed()	driver.manage().getCookieNamed("foo");
deleteCookieNamed()	driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("foo");
deleteCookie()	Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie("test2", "cookie2"); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); // deleting cookie object
deleteAllCookies()	driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); // deletes all cookies

Take screenshot

Capture the screenshot and store

getScreenshotAs

getScreenshotAs — used to Capture the screenshot and store it in the specified location. This method throws WebDriverException. copy() method from the File Handler class is used to store the screenshot in a destination folder.
Code Example:
TakesScreenshot screenShot =(TakesScreenshot)driver;
FileHandler.copy(screenShot.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE), new File("path/to/destination/folder/screenshot.png"));

Execute Javascript

Executes an asynchronous piece of JavaScript	executeAsyncScript()
Executes JavaScript	executeScript()

Code Example:
if (driver instanceof JavascriptExecutor) {
((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("alert('hello world');");
}

Annotations

TestNG	@BeforeSuite @AfterSuite @BeforeTest @AfterTest @BeforeGroups @AfterGroups @BeforeClass @AfterClass @BeforeMethod @AfterMethod
JUnit	@After @AfterClass @Before @BeforeClass @Ignore @Test

Selenium Exceptions

'Server Exception : sessionId should not be null^{Refer Part2-Page160}	Replace Chrome Driver with Latest Version
ERROR: No sessionId provided^{Refer Part2-Page160}	Use Jenkins
UnreachableBrowserException^{Refer Part2-Page160}	Registry Key Changes Recommended
Illegal state exception using Selenium 3^{Refer Part2-Page161}	Get latest Firefox Gecko Driver

Keyboard and Mouse events

keyboard events	keyDown(); keyUp(); sendKeys()
Mouse events	clickAndHold(); contextClick()// — performs the mouse right-click action; doubleClick(); dragAndDrop(source,target); dragAndDropBy(source,xOffset,yOffset); moveByOffset(xOffset,yOffset); moveByElement(); release()

Code Example:
Actions builder = new Actions(driver);
Action actions = builder
.moveToElement("login-textbox")
.click()
.keyDown("login-textbox", Keys.SHIFT)
.sendKeys("login-textbox", "hello")
.keyUp("login-textbox", Keys.SHIFT)
.doubleClick("login-textbox")
.contextClick()
.build();

actions.perform() ;

Element validation

isEnabled()	determines if an element is enabled or not, returns a boolean.
isSelected()	determines if an element is selected or not, returns a boolean.
isDisplayed()	determines if an element is displayed or not, returns a boolean.

Handle multiple windows and tabs

getWindowHandle()	used to retrieve the handle of the current page (a unique identifier)
getWindowHandles()	used to retrieve a set of handles of the all the pages available
driver.switchTo().window(“windowName/handle”)	switch to a window
driver.close()	closes the current browser window
driver.quit();	This method Closes all windows opened by the WebDriver.

Switch Frames

Mentioning the frame index number, the Driver will switch to that specific frame	driver.switchTo.frame(int frameNumber)
Mentioning the frame element or ID, the Driver will switch to that specific frame	driver.switchTo.frame(string frameNameOrID)
Mentioning the frame web element, the Driver will switch to that specific frame	driver.switchTo.frame(WebElement frameElement)
Switching back to the main window	driver.switchTo().defaultContent()

Materials

Selenium Certification	https://isqi.org/en/54-certified-selenium-tester-foundation.html
Selenium Certification Q&A	https://engineers-hub.teachable.com/
Part1-Software Automation Testing Secrets Revealed	https://www.amazon.com/Software-Automation-Testing-Secrets-Revealed/dp/1729432506/
Part2-Software Automation Testing Secrets Revealed	https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1729432379/
Part3-Software Automation Testing Secrets Revealed	https://www.amazon.com/Advanced-Selenium-Web-Accessibility-Testing/dp/1949449432/
Udemy Course-Selenium	https://engineers-hub.teachable.com/
Udemy Course-ISTQB Test Automation Engineering	https://engineers-hub.teachable.com/
Useful Commands (Credits: Madhan K)	https://medium.com/@madhankumaravelu93/selenium-cheat-sheet-a-comprehensive-list-of-selenium-commands-fa4c5c9d11ab
Useful Commands (Credits: Bijan Patel)	https://qascript.com/selenium-webdriver-commands-cheat-sheet/

Get methods in Selenium

getTitle()	used to retrieve the current title of the webpage
getCurrentUrl()	used to retrieve the current URL of the webpage
getPageSource()	used to retrieve the current page source of the webpage
getText()	used to retrieve the text of the specified web element
getAttribute()	used to retrieve the value specified in the attribute

Navigation

Refresh Page	driver.navigate().refresh()
Navigate forwards in the browser history	driver.navigate().forward()
Navigate backward in the browser history	driver.navigate().back()

Desired Capabilities-Chrome

DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities(); caps.setCapability(“browserName”, “chrome”); caps.setCapability(“browserVersion”, “80.0””); caps.setCapability(“platformName”, “win10”);
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(caps); // Pass the capabilities as an argument to the driver object

Desired Capabilities-Firefox

DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities(); caps.setCapability(“browserName”, “firefox”); caps.setCapability(“browserVersion”, “81.0””); caps.setCapability(“platformName”, “win10”);
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(caps); // Pass the capabilities as an argument to the driver object

Practice Scripts

Launch Webpage^{Refer Part2-Page60}	driver.get("www.webdriverinselenium.com");
Click Button^{Refer Part2-Page60}	driver.findElement(By.id("submit")).click();
Store Text^{Refer Part2-Page60}	String txtDropdown = driver.findElement(By.ID("select")).getText();
Enter Text^{Refer Part2-Page61}	driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='FirstName034']")).sendKeys("NarayananPalani");
Handle Alert^{Refer Part2-Page62}	Alert Alertpopup = driver.switchTo().alert();
(Mouse)Click^{Refer Part2-Page62}	driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@value='OBJECT NAME']")).click();
Compare Text^{Refer Part2-Page64}	Assert.assertTrue(chkbox12.isSelected());
Disable a Field^{Refer Part2-Page64}	driver.getElementsByName('<ObjectID>')[0].setAttribute('disabled', '');
Enable a Field^{Refer Part2-Page64}	driver.getElementsByName('<ObjectID>')[0].removeAttribute('disabled';
Screenshot^{Refer Part2-Page64}	File snapshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
	FileUtils.copyFile(snapshot, new File("C:\\screenshot.jpg"));
Print the Title of the Page^{Refer Part2-Page68}	String pagetitle = driver.getTitle();
	System.out.print(pagetitle);
Implicit Wait^{Refer Part2-Page69}	driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Explicit Wait^{Refer Part2-Page70}	WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);
	wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElementLocated(By.xpath("//div[@id='<Object ID>']"), "Enter Your Personal Details"));
Fluent Wait^{Refer Part2-Page70}	Wait wait = new FluentWait(driver)
	.withTimeout(20, SECONDS)
Sleep^{Refer Part2-Page70}	Thread.Sleep(10);

Created By

Narayanan Palani

Metadata

Languages: English

Published: 15th November, 2016
Last Updated: 23rd October, 2020
Rated: 5 out of 5 stars based on 5 ratings

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Driver Initialization

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Element validation

Handle multiple windows and tabs

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Selenium WebDriver Cheat Sheet Cheat Sheet by Narayanan Palani

Driver Initia­liz­ation

Selenium Locators

ISTQB Advanced Test Automation Engine­ering

Selenium Q&A

Find element VS Find elements

Handle alerts: (Web-based alert pop-ups)

Page Loading Strategy

Cookies

Take screenshot

Execute Javascript

Annota­tions

Selenium Exceptions

Keyboard and Mouse events

Element validation

Handle multiple windows and tabs

Switch Frames

Materials

Get methods in Selenium

Navigation

Desired Capabi­lit­ies­-Chrome

Desired Capabi­lit­ies­-Fi­refox

Practice Scripts

Created By

Metadata

Favourited By

Comments

Add a Comment

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Annotations

Desired Capabilities-Chrome

Desired Capabilities-Firefox