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FOSSIL RECORD DOCUMENTS LIFE'S HISTORY
-Macroevolution |
the broad pattern of evolution above the species level |
-example: emergence of terrestrial vertebrates |
DIVERSITY OF LIFE
major periods in earth's history END with mass extinctions and new ones BEGIN with adaptive radiations! |
- mass extinctions can alter ecological communities |
HETEROCHRONY
evolutionary change in the rate or timing of developmental events |
CHANGES IN GENE REGULATION
changes in morphology can also occur when there is a change in the sequence of developmental genes |
example: stickleback fish |
the gene is the same, but is expressed differently in the 2 groups of fish |
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FOSSILS
provides glimpses of evolution over billions of years |
FIRST LIFE ON EARTH
-early: earth's sols inhabitants were prokaryotic cells at least 3.5 billion years ago |
-they transformed life on our planet! |
ADAPTIVE RADIATION
-periods of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill different niches in their environment |
diversity of life fueled by adaptive radiation |
HOMEOTIC GENES
- one type hox genes provide positional information in an animal embryo |
-small changes in regulatory sequences of particular genes can lead to major changes in body form |
LAST WORDS...
evolution is the result of the interactions between organisms and their current environments |
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GEOLOGICAL CLOCKS
help to give us a perspective when discussing events in the contexts of geological record |
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
did not evolve until another 2 billions years of evolution of prokaryotes |
1.5 billion years ago |
EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL GENES
evo-devo: research at the interface between evolutionary biology and developmental biology |
-devlopmental genes guide the formation of the body from to adult. Even a small change in rate, timing, and spatial pattern can produce major morphological differences |
EVOLUTION IS NOT GOAL ORIENTED
an evolutionary trend does not mean that evolution is goal-oriented |
surviving species do not represent the peak of perfection. there is compromise and random chance involved as well |
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