Data
What is Data? |
The numbers, words, images and symbols which do not bear a meaning, when standing alone are called data. |
Two types of Data |
Quantitative Data - Measurable Data. (Ex: Age, Price, Height, Weight etc.) |
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Qualitative Data - Data that cannot be measured. (Name, Telephone Number, Address etc.) |
Processing
What is Processing? |
Converting Data into something meaningful (Information) |
Two types of Processing |
1. Manual Processing |
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2. Electronic Processing |
Information
What is Information? |
The Processed Data. |
Qualitites of Information |
1. Relevant |
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2. Complete |
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3. Accurate |
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4. Timeliness |
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5. Cost Effective |
Components of a Computer System
Example: Finding the average of 9 subjects.
1. Input - Data (Marks of 9 subjects)
2. Process - According to the user need. (Get the sum and divide by 9)
3. Output - Information (Average)
Computer Generations History
Generation |
Major Hardware Technology |
Software Used |
Characteristic |
1st Generation |
Vacuum Tubes |
Machine Language |
High Heat Generation |
2nd Generation |
Transistors |
High-Level Programming Language |
Smaller in Size |
3rd Generation |
Integrated Circuits (IC) |
Operating Systems (OS) |
Faster Processing |
4th Generation |
Large Scale IC (LSIC) |
OS with Graphical User Interface (GUI) |
Portable |
5th Generation |
Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) |
Internet |
Easy Operation |
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Applications of ICT
e-Government |
Government to Citizen (G2C) |
Ex: Payment of Utility Bills |
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Government to Government (G2G) |
Ex: Diplomatic & VISA information |
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Government to Business (G2B) |
Ex: Payment Services |
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Government to Employees (G2E) |
Ex: Gazettes, Circulars |
Education |
In the classroom |
Ex: Presentations, Experimental Videos, Online Information collection etc. |
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Serves as a teaching aid |
Ex: Making presentations, organize lessons using a computer etc. |
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Learning Management System (LMS) |
Ex: Online Assignments (for students), Online lessons (for teachers) |
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Distance Learning |
Ex: Digital Library Facility, Web Based Teaching etc. |
Health |
ICT in diagnosis |
CAT Machine - to make 3D images of different parts of body. |
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MRI Machine - creates digitalized images of internal organs of the body by using strong magnetic fields and radio waves |
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ECG Machine - Uses to monitor heart beat. |
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Cardiac Screening Machine - displays the physiology and the movements inside the heart. |
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EEG - record the activities of the brain. |
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Telemedicine |
The use of ICT to examine and provide healthcare to a patient who is far away from the hospital is called Telemedicine. |
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Telesurgery (Remote Surgery) |
the ability of a doctor to perform surgery on a patient in consultation with a specialist who is far away, using ICT. |
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Medical Teletraining |
Specialists’ consultation and training using ICT |
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Applications of ICT - 2
Agricultural Industry |
Meteorological Devices |
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Automated Insect Control Device |
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Field conditions measuring devices |
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Crop harvesting using Robots |
Manufacturing Industry & Business |
Using Robots - 24 hour service, Never get tired, Efficiency, Accuracy, Hygiene |
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Video Conferencing |
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Human Resource Management (HRM) |
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e-Banking System |
ability to withdraw cash anytime using ATMs |
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inter banking or transactional activities. |
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pay utility bills, inter-banking transactions, or checking the account balance using mobile phones. |
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Online Shopping |
Open 24 hours a day |
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able to see things and order at one’s convenient place. |
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ability to pay using the electronic payment methods |
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home delivery of goods. (Saving Transport cost and time) |
Entertainment |
Digital Photograhy |
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Social Network |
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Watching Movies |
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e-news & e-books |
Demerits of ICT
Addiction |
Building unsuitable friendships through social media |
Computers could become infected by virus due to improper use of internet. |
Negative effects on psychology of a person by visiting improper websites. |
Publishing of edited photographs and videos of individuals affecting their personal lives. |
Evolution of the Computer
Blaise Pascal |
The Adding Machine |
Charles Babbage |
Analytical Engine |
Ada Lovelace |
First Programmer |
Howard Aiken |
MARK I |
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