DataWhat is Data? | The numbers, words, images and symbols which do not bear a meaning, when standing alone are called data. | Two types of Data | Quantitative Data - Measurable Data. (Ex: Age, Price, Height, Weight etc.) | | | Qualitative Data - Data that cannot be measured. (Name, Telephone Number, Address etc.) |
ProcessingWhat is Processing? | Converting Data into something meaningful (Information) | Two types of Processing | 1. Manual Processing | | | 2. Electronic Processing |
InformationWhat is Information? | The Processed Data. | Qualitites of Information | 1. Relevant | | | 2. Complete | | | 3. Accurate | | | 4. Timeliness | | | 5. Cost Effective |
Components of a Computer SystemExample: Finding the average of 9 subjects.
1. Input - Data (Marks of 9 subjects)
2. Process - According to the user need. (Get the sum and divide by 9)
3. Output - Information (Average) Computer Generations HistoryGeneration | Major Hardware Technology | Software Used | Characteristic | 1st Generation | Vacuum Tubes | Machine Language | High Heat Generation | 2nd Generation | Transistors | High-Level Programming Language | Smaller in Size | 3rd Generation | Integrated Circuits (IC) | Operating Systems (OS) | Faster Processing | 4th Generation | Large Scale IC (LSIC) | OS with Graphical User Interface (GUI) | Portable | 5th Generation | Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) | Internet | Easy Operation |
| | Applications of ICTe-Government | Government to Citizen (G2C) | Ex: Payment of Utility Bills | | | Government to Government (G2G) | Ex: Diplomatic & VISA information | | | Government to Business (G2B) | Ex: Payment Services | | | Government to Employees (G2E) | Ex: Gazettes, Circulars | Education | In the classroom | Ex: Presentations, Experimental Videos, Online Information collection etc. | | | Serves as a teaching aid | Ex: Making presentations, organize lessons using a computer etc. | | | Learning Management System (LMS) | Ex: Online Assignments (for students), Online lessons (for teachers) | | | Distance Learning | Ex: Digital Library Facility, Web Based Teaching etc. | Health | ICT in diagnosis | CAT Machine - to make 3D images of different parts of body. | | | | MRI Machine - creates digitalized images of internal organs of the body by using strong magnetic fields and radio waves | | | | ECG Machine - Uses to monitor heart beat. | | | | Cardiac Screening Machine - displays the physiology and the movements inside the heart. | | | | EEG - record the activities of the brain. | | | Telemedicine | The use of ICT to examine and provide healthcare to a patient who is far away from the hospital is called Telemedicine. | | | Telesurgery (Remote Surgery) | the ability of a doctor to perform surgery on a patient in consultation with a specialist who is far away, using ICT. | | | Medical Teletraining | Specialists’ consultation and training using ICT |
| | Applications of ICT - 2Agricultural Industry | Meteorological Devices | | | Automated Insect Control Device | | | Field conditions measuring devices | | | Crop harvesting using Robots | Manufacturing Industry & Business | Using Robots - 24 hour service, Never get tired, Efficiency, Accuracy, Hygiene | | | Video Conferencing | | | Human Resource Management (HRM) | | | e-Banking System | ability to withdraw cash anytime using ATMs | | | | inter banking or transactional activities. | | | | pay utility bills, inter-banking transactions, or checking the account balance using mobile phones. | | | Online Shopping | Open 24 hours a day | | | | able to see things and order at one’s convenient place. | | | | ability to pay using the electronic payment methods | | | | home delivery of goods. (Saving Transport cost and time) | Entertainment | Digital Photograhy | | | Social Network | | | Watching Movies | | | e-news & e-books |
Demerits of ICTAddiction | Building unsuitable friendships through social media | Computers could become infected by virus due to improper use of internet. | Negative effects on psychology of a person by visiting improper websites. | Publishing of edited photographs and videos of individuals affecting their personal lives. |
Evolution of the ComputerBlaise Pascal | The Adding Machine | Charles Babbage | Analytical Engine | Ada Lovelace | First Programmer | Howard Aiken | MARK I |
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