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Ch 30: The Evolution of Seed Plants; Ch 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology; Ch 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms
Gametophyte/Sporophyte Cycle
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Plant Transport
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Short-distance occurs by osmosis (movement of free water through aquaporins)
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Long-distance bulk flow using:
translocation (H+ gradient) through phloem (sugar)
transpirational pull (cohesion) through xylem (fluid/minerals)
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Plant Hormones
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Auxins distribution of auxinsphototropism
enhances apical dominance (vertical)
promotes fruit growth
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Cytokinins stimulates cytokinesis & cell division
delays senescence (aging)
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Gibberellins cause stem elongation, fruit growth, & seed germination
auxin+gibberellins=fruit development
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Brassinosteroids induce cell elongation & division in stem segments, slow leaf abscission
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Abscisic Acid (ABA) antagonizes growth hormones, inhibits germination, used to withstand drought
must be washed/exposed to light/cold to deactivate
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Ethylene Gas produced in response to stress during fruit ripening, apoptosis, & exposure to auxin
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