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Ch 30: The Evolution of Seed Plants; Ch 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology; Ch 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms
Gametophyte/Sporophyte Cycle
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| | Plant TransportShort-distance occurs by osmosis (movement of free water through aquaporins) | Long-distance bulk flow using:
translocation (H+ gradient) through phloem (sugar)
transpirational pull (cohesion) through xylem (fluid/minerals) |
Plant HormonesAuxins distribution of auxinsphototropism
enhances apical dominance (vertical)
promotes fruit growth | Cytokinins stimulates cytokinesis & cell division
delays senescence (aging) | Gibberellins cause stem elongation, fruit growth, & seed germination
auxin+gibberellins=fruit development | Brassinosteroids induce cell elongation & division in stem segments, slow leaf abscission | Abscisic Acid (ABA) antagonizes growth hormones, inhibits germination, used to withstand drought
must be washed/exposed to light/cold to deactivate | Ethylene Gas produced in response to stress during fruit ripening, apoptosis, & exposure to auxin |
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