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Pancreas Basics
The pancreas is 6 to 8 inch gland organ composed of mostly exocrine tissue |
It is located above the duodenum horizontally |
The pancreas has a duct running through it that extends into smaller branches which is connected to the duodenum through a duct |
The pancreas produces enzymes that aid in digestion and islets of Langerhans |
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Functions of the Pancreas
Exocrince Function |
Endocrine Function |
Produce enzymes that
assist digestion
occurring in the small intestine |
The endocrine function of the pancreas is based off of the islet cells (AKA islets of Langerhans) |
Enzymes include trypsin
for proteins, amylase for carbs, and lipase for fats |
The cells are in grape like structures within the pancreas that release insulin and glucagon directly to the blood stream |
When food is in the
stomach the pancreas releases its enzymes
(known as pancreatic juices) through the pancreatic duct that
joins the common bile duct to form the ampulla of Vater that connects to the duodenum (first part of the small intestine) |
Insulin lowers blood sugar and is often in the body after a big meal |
The enzymes help digest fats, carbohydrates, and proteins so they can be absorbed by the body as useful nutrients |
Glucagon raises blood sugar levels |
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Keeping stable blood sugar levels is crucial to the function of the brain, liver, and kidneys |
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Role in Homeostasis
Balance blood sugar by releasing insulin or glucagon |
Help the body digest macro-molecules crucial in providing the body energy |
Role in Systems
Active in the endocrine system by releasing hormones insulin and glucagon. Contributes to the digestive system by producing enzymes for the small intestine. |
Pancreatic Disorders
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Pancreatitis Acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas due to premature release of enzymes in the pancreas and not the small intestine
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Type 1 Diabetes Innability for pancreas to produce insulin or glucagon
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Type 2 Diabetes Body tissue is resistant to glucagon and insulin thereby not responding to exposure of the hormone
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