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DataBase Concepts Cheat Sheet by

Overview of SQL keywords

DDL

TABLE
COLUMN
Creation
CREATE TABLE table_name
ALTER TABLE table_name
column­_name1 data_t­ype­(size), column­_name2 data_t­ype­(size), column­_name3 data_t­ype­(size),
ADD column­_name datatype
*Renam­ing­&
RENAME old_ta­ble­_name
ALTER TABLE table_name
TO new_ta­ble­_name;
RENAME old_co­lum­n_name TO new__c­olu­mn_­name;
 

DML

ADDING ROWS
DELETING ROWS
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...)
DELETE FROM table_name
VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);
WHERE condition (eg , column2 = value2,;
UPDATING ROWS
UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1
, column2 = value2, ... WHERE condition;

DQL

Wildcard Pattern Matching
SELECT column1, column2,
'a%' Finds any values that start with "­a".
'%or%' Finds any values that have "­or" in any position.
... FROM table_name WHERE columnN LIKE pattern;
'_r%' Finds any values that have "­r" in the second position 'a%o'
Finds any values that start with "­a" and ends with "­o"
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country IN ('Germ­any', 'France', 'UK');
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country NOT IN ('Germ­any', 'France', 'UK');
CURSOR
A database cursor is an object that enables traversal over the rows of a result set. It allows you to process individual row returned by a query
Allows us to update one row at a time or perform an admini­str­ative process such as SQL Server database backups in a sequential manner.
DECLARE all variables you’ll need
 
DECLARE @produ­ct_name VARCHA­R(MAX), @list_­price DECIMAL;
DECLARE … CURSOR FOR SELECT query, where you’ll declare a cursor and also define the query related to (popul­ating) that cursor
DECLARE cursor­_name CURSOR FOR select­_st­ate­ment;
DECLARE cursor­_pr­oduct CURSOR FOR SELECT produc­t_name, list_price FROM produc­tio­n.p­rod­ucts;
OPEN the cursor and FETCH NEXT from the cursor
OPEN cursor­_na­me;....FETCH NEXT FROM cursor INTO variab­le_­list;
OPEN cursor­_pr­oduct; FETCH NEXT FROM cursor­_pr­oduct INTO @produ­ct_­name, @list_­price;
In the WHILE loop you’ll test the @@FETC­H_S­TATUS variable (WHILE @@FETC­H_S­TATUS = 0). If the condition holds, you’ll enter the loop BEGIN … END block and perform statements inside that block
WHILE @@FETC­H_S­TATUS = 0 BEGIN FETCH NEXT FROM cursor­_name; END;
WHILE @@FETC­H_S­TATUS = 0 BEGIN PRINT @produ­ct_name + CAST(@­lis­t_price AS varchar); FETCH NEXT FROM cursor­_pr­oduct INTO @produ­ct_­name, @list_­price; END;
CLOSE the cursor and DEALLOCATE it.
CLOSE cursor­_name; DEALLOCATE cursor­_name;
CLOSE cursor­_pr­oduct; DEALLOCATE cursor­_pr­oduct;
                   
 

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  • Published: 19th November, 2021
  • Last Updated: 28th November, 2021
  • Rated: 0 stars based on 1 ratings

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