Cheatography
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Meet your master, the almighty.
Brain
Forebrain |
Consists of Cerebrum and Diencephalon |
Cerebellum |
Inferior to the forebrain |
Brainstem |
Consists of Midbrain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata |
Cerebrum (Forebrain)
Primary Somatosensory Cortex |
Processes somatic sensory information |
1)Somesthetic sensations such as touch, temperature and pain |
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2)Proprioception such as awareness of muscle tension, joint and limb position |
Primary Motor Cortex |
Initiates voluntary movement |
Actions that require thought such as playing the piano |
Cerebellum
Location |
Inferior to forebrain, posterior to brain stem |
No direct connection with muscles |
Functions at unconscious level |
Roles of Cerebellum
Receives variety of information |
Information about voluntary muscle activity from motor cortex |
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Sensory information from proprioceptors throughout body |
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Information from visual and equilibrium pathways |
Integrate this information and elicit a coordinated response |
Sends its coordination plan to primary motor cortex |
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Primary motor cortex signals the muscles to elicit desired response |
Cortical Control of Voluntary Movement
Pyramidal Tracts |
Direct pathways from primary motor cortex to spinal cord |
Corticospinal tracts (Anterior & Lateral) |
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Control small group of muscles that contract independently of each other |
Extrapyramidal Tracts |
Indirect connections between brain and spinal cord |
Includes all motor pathways outside pyramidal system |
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Control large group of muscle that contract together to maintain posture and balance |
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Cerebrum (Anterior)
Subcortical Nuclei |
Regions of gray matter in the cerebrum |
~ Includes Basal Nuclei |
Masses of gray matter scattered in the cerebrum |
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Components : Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Globus Pallidus |
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Important in modifying movements (to make sure they don't interfere with one another) |
Basal Nuclei Function
Inhibits motor function |
Controls muscle activity |
Receives input from: |
Entire cerebral cortex and other subcortical nuclei like subthalamic nucleus of diencephalichalon and red nucleus |
No direct connection with motor pathway |
Sends impulses to primary motor cortex through the thalamus |
Complex role in motor control |
In charge of stopping, starting and monitoring movements by primary motor cortex |
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Particularly involved in sustained, stereotyped movements (riding a bicycle, eating) |
Inhibits antagonistic (unnecessary) movements |
Ex of antagonistic - bicep and tricep contraction |
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This enables multitasking |
Basal Nuclei Damage
Impairment results in |
Disturbance in muscle tone and posture |
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Tremors |
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Abnormally slow movements |
Role of Limbic System
Control emotional aspect of behaviour |
Amygdala |
Involved in memory |
Hippocampus |
Works with prefrontal lobes to elicit relationship between feelings and thoughts |
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Diencephalon (Forebrain)
Diencephalon
Includes 2 stuctures |
Thalamus |
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Hypothalamus |
Thalamus
Relay station for all sensory input except for smell |
Relay station for emotion impulses |
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Relay station for motor impulses from cerebellum and basal nuclei |
Gateway of cerebral cortex |
Process the information before sending it to cerebral cortex to be interpreted |
Contains most of afferent neuron synapse |
Nuclei of Thalamus
Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus |
Receives somatic sensory information (touch, pain, pressure) |
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Relays information to somatosensory cortex |
Ventral Lateral Nucleus |
Receives motor information from basal nuclei and cerebellum |
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Relays information to motor cortex |
Medial Geniculate Body |
Sends auditory information from auditory receptors to auditory region of cerebral cortex |
Lateral Geniculate Body |
Sends visual information to occipital region of cerebral cortex |
Hypothalamus
Location |
Inferior to thalamus, superior to brain stem |
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Interconnected to cerebral cortex, thalamus and other parts of brain stem |
Role of Hypothalamus
Important in regulating homeostasis |
Senses chemical and thermal qualities of blood |
It is crucial to : |
Regulate the heart rate and arterial blood pressure |
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Control movements and glandular secretions of stomach and intestines |
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Regulate respiratory rate |
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Regulate water and electrolyte balance |
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Control hunger and regulate body weight |
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Comments
Hi, your cheat sheet is really helpful as its really summarizes alot from what I've taken notes on. Just a request if you could put in the blood supply of the brain please, but other than that its excellent
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