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The Endocrine System Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

The major concepts of the endocrine system for applied practical questions and multiple choice for 2nd Yr Physiology

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Summary of Endocrine Glands and their Hormones

Hypothalamus
Releasing Hs
Secretion of Hs by the anterior pituitary
Anterior Pituitary
GH
Growth Secretion of IGF-I, organic metabolism
 
TSH
Thyroid gland
 
ACTH
Adrenal cortex
 
Prolactin
Breast growth and milk synthesis, permissive for certain reprod­uctive functions in the male
 
Gonado­tropic Hs
a ) FSH
b)LH
Gonads
a)ovarian follicle growth and estrogen secretion in sperma­tog­enesis
b)ovulation and lueten­ization of ovarian follicles and testos­terone secretion
Interm­ediate Lobe
MSH
Stim melanin synthesis in melano­cytes in the skin
Posterior Pituitary
Oxytocin
Milk ejection and uterine motility
 
Vasopr­ess­in(­ADH­,AVP)
Promotes water retention by kidneys,BP
Thyroid
T3, T4
Metabolic rate, growth, brain develo­pment and function.
 
Calcitonin
Plasma Calcium
Parath­yroid
Parath­yroid Hormone
Plasma calcium and phosphate
Adrenal Cortex
Cortisol
Organic metabo­lism, response to stresses, immune system
 
Androgens
Sex drive in women
 
Aldost­erone
Sodium, potassium, and acid excretion by kidneys
Adrenal Medulla
Adrenalin, Noradr­enalin
organic metabo­lism, CVS, response to stress
Pancreas
Insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polype­ptide
Plasma glucose, organic metabolism
Gonads­:Female ovaries
Estrogen, proges­terone
Growth and develo­pment of the reprod­uctive system and breasts
 
Inhibin
FSH
 
Relaxin
Relaxation of cervix and pubic ligaments
Male: Testes
Testos­terone
Growth and develo­pment of reprod­uctive system
 
Mullerian inhibiting Hormone
Regression of Mullerian Ducts
Thymus
Thymos­in(­Thy­mop­oeitin)
T-lymp­hocyte production
Kidneys
Renin(­ang­iot­ensin 1-->an­gio­ten­sin2h
Aldost­erone secretion, BP
 
Erythr­opo­ietin
Erythr­ocytes production
 
1,25-d­ihy­dro­xyv­itamin D3
Calcium absorption from the intestine
Gastro­int­estinal tract
Gastrin
secretin
CCK
GIP
Gastro­int­estinal Tract,­liv­er,­pan­creas, gallbl­adder
 
Somato­statin
Inhibition of growth hormone secretion
Liver(and other cells)
IGF, somato­medins
Growth
Pineal Gland
Melatonin
Sexual maturity, body circadian rhythms
Placenta
Chorionic Gonadt­rop­in(hCG)
Secretion of proges­terone from corpus luteum
 
Placenta lactogen
Breast develo­pment and organic metabolism
 
Estrogen, proges­terone
Growth and dev of rep system and breasts
Heart
Atrial natriu­retic factor
Sodium excretion by kidneys, BP
Monocytes and macrop­hages
IL-1, TNF
Cellular Immunity
Multiple cell types
Growth factors
Growth of specific tissues
 

Types of Hormones

Water Soluble Hs are hydrop­hilic and lipid insoluble thus donot cross the cell membrane and bind the plasma membrane.
Lipid Soluble Hs are hydrop­hobic and water insoluble thus cross the cell membrane and bind intrac­ell­ularly.

Mechanism of Peptide H action

Peptides and catech­ola­mines bind to the plasma membrane and bind cytosolic ATP to cyclic AMP(cA­MP-2nd msngr)
cAMP activates cAMP dependent protein kinase
Protein kinase phosph­ory­kates other proteins leading to a cascade of events that activates cell permea­bility, causes muscle contra­ction or relaxa­tion, protein synthesis or secretion.

Mechanism of Steroid and Thyroid H

Lipid soluble Hs bind intrac­ell­ularly
thyroid H receptor is bound to DNA and represses transc­ription
binding of THs to receptor allows for gene transcription.
Steroid Receptor is not able to bind to DNA in the absence of the H.
binding to receptor transl­ocates the H-receptor complex to the nucleus where it initiates transc­ription

Hypoth­alamic and Pituitary Hs

The Posterior Pituitary has a neural connection with the hypoth­alamus.
Supraoptic nucleus synthe­sizes ADH
parave­ntr­icular nucleus synthe­sizes oxytocin.

Hypoth­alamic and Pituitary Hs

Ant.pit has a blood supply that connects with the hypoth­alamus.
produces and releases Tropic Hs released into the systemic circul­ation

Growth Hs

Stimulated