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Photosynthesis equation6CO2+12H2O+Light Energy→C6H12O6+ 6O2+6H2O |
Process That Feeds The BiospherePhotosynthesis-process that converts solar energy into chemical energy | Autotroph-sustain themselves without eating anything from other organisms | Photoautotroph-obtain their organic material from other organisms |
Converting light energy to chemical energy of foodChloroplasts-the sites of PS in plants | Leaves-major locations of PS | Chlorophyll-green pigment within chloroplasts | Stomata-microscopic pores CO2 enters and O2 exits through the leaf | Mesophyll-interior tissue of leaf | Thylakoids-connected sacs in the chloroplast | Stroma-a dense fluid chloroplasts contain |
Photosynthetic PigmentsAbsorption spectrum-graph plotting a pigment's light absorption versus wavelength | Action spectrum-profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a process | Chlorophyll A-main photosynthetic pigment | Chlorophyll B-accessory pigments that broadens the spectrum used for PS | Carotenoids-accessory pigments that absorb excess light that would damage chlorophyll |
| | The Splitting Of WaterChloroplasts split H2O into hydrogen and oxygen, incorporating the electrons of hydrogen into sugar molecules |
Photosynthesis as a redox processH2O is oxidized and CO2 is reduced |
The light reactions (in the thylakoids)Split H2O
Release O2
Reduce NADP+ to NADPH
Generate ATP from ADP by Phosphorylation |
Calvin Cycle (in the stroma)Forms sugar from CO2, using ATP and NADPH
Begins with carbon fixation, incorporating CO2 into organic molecules |
Light to Chemical EnergyThylakoids transform light energy into chemical energy using ATP and NADPH |
Linear electron flowLinear electron flow-primary pathway, involves both photosystems and produces ATP and NADPH using light energy |
A PhotosystemPhotosystem- reaction-center complex surrounded by light harvesting complexes | Primary electron acceptor-reaction center accepts an electron from chlorophyll A | Photosystem II (functions first)-best at absorbing wavelength of 680 nm | Photosystem I (functions second)-best at absorbing wavelength of 700 nm |
| | C3 PlantsMost common and the most efficient at photosynthesis in cool, wet climates |
C4 PlantsMinimize photorespiration by incorporating CO2 into 4 carbon compounds in mesophyll cells | Requires PEP carboxylase (has a higher affinity for CO2 than O2) |
CAM PlantsOpen stomata at night, incorporating CO2 into organic acids and used in the calvin cycle |
Importance of PhotosynthesisEnergy entering chloroplasts as sunlight gets stored as chemical energy in organic compounds | Plants store excess sugar as starch in structures such as roots, tubers, seeds, fruits | Produces O2 in our atmosphere |
Importance of PhotosynthesisEnergy entering chloroplasts as sunlight gets stored as chemical energy in organic compounds |
Cyclic Electron FlowUses only PS 1 and produces ATP but not NADPH | Generates surplus ATP, satisfying higher demand for calvin cycle | May protect cells from light induced damage |
The Nature of SunlightLight is a form of electromagnetic energy that travels in rhythmic waves | Wavelength-distance between crests of waves | Wavelength determines the type of electromagnetic energy | Electromagnetic Spectrum- entire range of electromagnetic energy or radiation | Visible light-wavelengths that produce colors we can see | Photons- discrete particles light consists of |
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