OperatorsAssignment | =
| Arithmetic | +, -, *, /, %
| Comparison | >, >=, <, <=, ==, !=
| Logical | not, and, or
|
String operations (string s)s.count(substring)
| Count occurences | s.find(substring)
| Index of first occurence | s.join(sequence)
| Concatenate sequence | s.split([delimiter])
| Split into list |
List operations (list l, element e)l.append(e)
| Add e | l.remove(e)
| Remove e | l.pop(e)
| Remove and return e | l.count(e)
| Count occurences | l.reverse()
| Reverse l | l.sort()
| Sort l |
Dictionary operations (dict d, key k)d.clear()
| Clear d | d.get(k)
| Return d[k] | d.keys()
| Return keys in d | d.values()
| Return values in d | d.items()
| Return key-value pairs in d |
| | File operations (file f)f = open(path)
| Open f | f.read()
| Read f | f.readline()
| Read line from f | f.readlines()
| Return list of lines in f | f.write(s)
| Write s to f | f.close()
| Close f |
In-built functionsint(), float(), str(), bool()...
| Type casting | len(data)
| Length | min(values), max(values)
| Minimum / Maximum | pow(x,y, [z])
| X to the power Y [mod Z] | range(start, stop, [step])
| Ordered list | input(), print()
| Console Input/Output | filter(function, array)
| Filter array | map(function, array)
| Map function onto array | id(object)
| Unique object ID | round(n, [x])
| Round n [x decimal places] |
Module importimport module
| from module import submodule
|
| | Control Flowif(cond): <code> else: <code>
| If-else | if(cond1): <code> elif(cond1): <code> else: <code>
| If-elif-else | for i in range([start], stop, [step]): <code>
| For loop over range | for i in items: <code>
| For loop over iterable | while(condition): <code>
| While loop | break
| Exit first enclosing loop | continue
| Skip to next iteration |
Useful standard library modulesmath, numpy, scipy
| Math | matplotlib
| Graph plotting | random
| Random generators | datetime
| Date and time | timeit
| Performance | re
| Regular expressions | os
| OS interaction | sys
| stdin, stdout, stderr, version | urllib
| Internet access | zlib
| Data compression |
Object-orientedclass Person:
| Class definition | x = Person(age, height)
| Object creation | x.age
| Field access | x.birthday()
| Method access |
|
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