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animal nutrition intro bio 2
what do animals eatherbivores | consume mainly plants and algae | carnivores | consume other animals | omnivores | consume animals as well as plants or algae |
Digestive SystemAlimentary Canal | | | mouth | | | pharynx | | | esophagus | | | stomach | | | intestine | | | anus | accessory glands | | | salivary glands | | | liver | | | gallbladder | | | pancreas |
| | essential nutrientsfour class of essential nutrients | -amino acids (~ from diet) | -fatty acids | -vitamins (small organic molecules) | -minerals (small inorganic molecules) | malnourishment | - lack of essential nutrients |
How do animals eat?specialized adaptations | | | dentition | | | intestinal adaptations | | | mutualistic adaptations |
Why do animals eat?ATP needed for metabolism; generated by oxidation of glucose | glucose levels kept in balance by pancreatic hormones | -insulin & glucagon | glucose is stored in liver and muscle of glycogen |
| | Stages of Eating1. ingestion | 2. digestion | 3. absorption | high surface area | 4. elimination |
Types of Ingestionsuspension feeder | whales- toothbrush like teeth | bulk feeder | humans and snakes | substrate feeder | caterpillar | fluid feeder | mosquitoes |
storage and releaseovernourishment | excess food energy; causes obesity | diabetes, colon/breast cancer, heart attacks, strokes | many hormones involved in ingestion/appetite |
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