Rhetoric Cheat Sheet by jorgejuan007

Logos

The use of reasoning, either inductive or deductive, to construct an argument

Ethos

How the character and credib­ility of a speaker can influence an audience to consider him/her to be believ­abl­e—there being three qualities that contribute to a credible ethos: perceived intell­igence, virtuous character, and goodwill

Invention

Style

Forensic

AKA judicial, was concerned with determ­ining the truth or falseness of events that took place in the past and issues of guilt. An example of forensic rhetoric would be in a courtroom

Epideictic

AKA ceremo­nial, was concerned with praise and blame, values, right and wrong, demons­trating beauty and skill in the present. Examples of epideictic rhetoric would include a eulogy or a wedding toast

Style

Determ­ining how to present the arguments

Delivery

Gestures, pronun­cia­tion, tone and pace used when presenting the persuasive arguments

Andocides

440–390 BC

Demost­henes

384–12 October 322 BC
Learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators
^{Tailored his style to be very audien­ce-­spe­cific. Not relying on attractive words but simple, effective prose. He used clauses to create patterns that would make seemingly complex sentences easy for the hearer to follow. His tendency to focus on delivery promoted him to use repeti­tion, this would ingrain the importance into the audience’s minds; he also relied on speed and delay to create suspense and interest among the audience when presenting to most important aspects of his speech. One of his most effective skills was his ability to strike a balance: his works were complex so that the audience would not be offended by any elementary language, but the most important parts were clear and easily understood}

Hypereides

390–322 BC

Isocrates

436–338 BC

Lysias

445-380 BC

The best known roman ancient orator and the only who both spoke in public and produced treatises on the subject.
^{Learn not only about the specifics of their case (the hypoth­esis) but also about the general questions from which they derived (the theses) . Gave rise to the idea that the "­ideal orator­" be well-v­ersed in all branches of learning: an idea that was rendered as "­liberal humani­sm,­" and that lives on today in liberal arts or general education requir­ements in colleges and univer­sities around the world}

Began his career as a pleader in the courts of law. Organizes rhetorical study through the stages of education that an aspiring orator would undergo

Had consid­erable influence on the teaching of rhetoric in the later 16th century

It is likely that many well-known English writers were exposed to the works of Erasmus and Vives

Contri­buted to the field in his writings

Promoted a simpler and more natural style that used figures of speech sparingly

Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres saw intern­ational success in various editions and transl­ations

Kenneth Burke

He described rhetoric as "the use of language as a symbolic means of inducing cooper­ation in beings that by nature respond to symbols

Marshall McLuhan

"The medium is the messag­e" highlights the signif­icance of the medium itself. Widely publicized in the 20th

The Groupe µ

This interd­isc­ipl­inary team has contri­buted to the renovation of the elocutio in the context of poetics and modern lingui­stics

Richard Vatz

Agent-­focused perspe­ctive