Cheatography
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HYPONATREMIA: Risk FactorsMedications | GI loss | Diuretics | SIADH | Anticonvulsants | Adrenal insufficiency | SSRIs | NPO status | Lithium | Restricted-sodium diet | Demeclocycline | Water intoxication | | Excessive diaphoresis |
HYPONATREMIA: ManifestationsWeakness | Lethargy | Confusion | Seizures | Headache | Anoerxia | Nausea | Vomiting | Muscle cramps | Twitching | Hypotension | Tachycardia | Weight gain | Edema |
HYPONATREMIA: Nursing InterventionsSodium replacement (oral, GI tube, IV) | Restrict oral fluid intake | Weight the client daily | Monitor I&O | Medication: Conivaptan hydrochloride |
HYPONATREMIA: NotesRisk with hypertonic solutions: cerebral edema |
| | HYPERNATREMIA: Risk FactorsDehydration | GI loss | Hyperaldosteronism | Hypertonic tube feedings | Diabetes insipidus | Kidney failure | Burns | Heatstroke | Corticosteroids |
HYPERNATREMIA: ManifestationsFever | Swollen, dry tongue | Sticky mucous membranes | Hallucinations | Lethargy | Restlessness | Irritability | Seizures | Tachycardia | Hypertension | Hyperreflexia, twitching | Pulmonary edema |
HYPERNATREMIA: Nursing InterventionsDaily weight | I&O | Seizure precautions | IV infusion of hypotonic or isotonic fluid | Diuretics | Dietary sodium restriction and education | Increased oral fluid intake |
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