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Hypophosphatemia & Hyperphosphatemia Cheat Sheet by

HYPOPH­OSP­HAT­EMIA: Risk Factors

Vitamin D deficiency
Refeeding after starvation
Alcohol use disorder
DKA
Alkalosis
Hypoma­gne­semia
Hypoka­lemia
Excessive loss of body fluids (sweat, diarrhea, vomiting, hyperv­ent­ila­tion)
Burns
TPN
Overuse of antacids

HYPOPH­OSP­HAT­EMIA: Manife­sta­tions

Parest­hesias
Muscle weakness
Bone pain & deform­ities
Chest pain
Confusion
Seizures
Nystagmus
 

HYPOPH­OSP­HAT­EMIA: Interv­entions

Oral phosphate replac­ement
Careful IV admini­str­ation of phosphorus (for severe cases)
Gradual introd­uction of solution for pts on TPN
Protection from infection
Dietary management & education
Seizure precau­tions

HYPERP­HOS­PHA­TEMIA: Risk Factors

Renal failure
Chemot­herapy
Acute pancre­atitis
High vitamin D
High phosphorus intake
Hypopa­rat­hyr­oidism
Excessive enema use
Acidosis
 

HYPERP­HOS­PHA­TEMIA: Manife­sta­tions

Tetany
Cramps
Parest­hesias
Dysrhy­thmias
Trosseau's sign
Chvostek's sign
Hyperr­eflexia
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting
Soft tissue calcif­ica­tions

HYPERP­HOS­PHA­TEMIA: Interv­entions

IV normal saline
Medi­cat­ions:
Dialysis
Vitamin D
Dietary management & education
Aluminum hydroxide
 
Diuretics
Phosphorus has an inverse relati­onship with calcium
 

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  • Published: 4th January, 2019

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