DemographyDemography study of changes in the characteristics of a population |
Survivorship CurvesType I Survivorship child survivorship high, old mortality high | Type II Survivorship die at equal rates despite age | Type III Survivorship child mortality high, adult survivorship high | Survivorship Characteristics Mortality, # offspring, gestation period, parental care, organism size |
FecundityIt is... Potential for species to produce offspring | Factors Affecting It age of sexual maturity, max reproductive age, length of gestation, offspring per pregnancy, parental care |
| | Measuring Population ChangeΔN = ( B + I ) - ( D + E ) | B = births | D = deaths | I = immigration | E = emigration |
Per Capita Growth Rateduring specific period of time | r = b - d | b = # of births / population size | d = # of deaths / population size | r > 0 pop. growing, if less, declining | Max per capita growth rate | ideal conditions, exponential growth model |
Logistics Growth ModelExponential growth model not realistic. | has carrying capacity |
| | Types of DensityCrude Density number of individuals in habitat | Ecological Density number of individual in the area actually used by them, not random space |
DispersionClumped Schools, herds, colony, flock | Uniform penguins | Random plants |
Sampling Methods - to find average pop. sizeQuadrant Sampling placed randomly to avoid bias, many small square sections | Mark Recapture capture organisms, mark them, release them, recapture set of organisms |
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