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The following cheat sheet contains information about giving feedback in a language classroom
DefinitionFeedback in language teaching is the response from the teacher after any student performance using the language. | Negative feedback is used when students commit a mistake. Its purpose is to change behavior towards the correct direction. | Positive feedback is used when students use language correctly. Its purpose is to reinforce accurate and appropriate use of the language. |
| | RecommendationsInclusion | Give equal attention to well- performing students as much as low-performing ones. | Moderation | Overdoing or underdoing feedback might result in students' distrust. | Variety | Always change feedback techniques so it doesn't seem automated. | Flexibility | Let mistakes happen and worry not to correct every single mistake or praise very single correct use. | Clarification | Either it's for positive or negative feedback, always give simple reasons for each feedback. |
| | TechniquesAsk- Tell-Ask | It consists in a three-step sequence. First, the teacher (T) asks for the student's (S) self-assessment; second, T tells S the mistake that was commited; third, T asks S how he will improve to avoid the mistake next time. | Sandwich | The process has a similar structure as the previous one. First, T praises S by mentioning strengths; second, T mentions the mistake; third, T praises S's abilities to be better for next time. | Bridge | Lets the student know their past performance, compares it with their present performance, and then establishes expectations of their future performance. |
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