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Osteoporosis Recommendations by

Assessment

Risk Factors
Postme­nop­ausal women and men age >50 years if there is a history of ≥4cm height loss, kyphosis, recent or current long-term oral glucoc­ort­icoid therapy, or a Bone Mineral Density (BMD) T-score ≤ -2.5.
Fracture probab­ility in all those at #risk
Anyone with the ^ risk factors should undergo a FRAX assessment (evaluate a patient’s 10-year probab­ility of hip fracture and major osteop­orotic fracture)
For Interm­ediate Fracture probab­ility
In indivi­duals at interm­ediate risk, bone mineral density (BMD) measur­ement should be performed using dual-e­nergy X-ray absorp­tio­metry (a small amount of radiation to take pictures of different bones. These pictures are used to measure the density of the bones at the spine, hip, and forearm)
 

Lifestyle and dietry

800IU cholec­alc­iferol
Calcium
Vitamin D
Weight­-be­aring exercise
Falls
Hip Protectors
Stopping smoking, Reducing alcohol intake
 

Exercise

Athletes have a 25% greater BMD than simply active people, and that active people have a 30% higher BMD compared to inactive people
Physical activity during early age was more strongly associated with higher BMD at all sites than was physical activity in the past two years
High-i­nte­nsity resistance training may have added benefits for decreasing fracture risks by improving strength and balance
Exercise should focus on streng­thening back extension and may include weighted and unweighted prone position, extension exercises, isometric contra­ction of the paraspinal muscles and careful loading of the upper extrem­ities
 

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