Infectious, Inflammatory, & Immunologic (Peds) Keyboard Shortcuts

Chain in Infection

Infection Agent
This infectious agent is any microorganism that is capable of producing an infection.
• Autoclaving instruments destroys an infectious agent
Reservior Host
This is the place where the microorganism resides. it can be a food, water, or human source
• Eliminating water and refrigeration of food
Route of Transmission
can be direct or indirect transmission which involves an intermmediate
• washing of hands helps prevent transmission.
Susceptible Host
This is the person who is susceptible to an infection. A compromised host is a person at increased risk.
Portal of Entry
This is the place where the infectious agent enters the body
• A needle stick entry allows agent to enter host.
Portal of Exit
In order for an etiologic agent to establish an infection, the microorganism must leave the reservior.

Viral Infection | Parotitis

Parotitis	Mumps
Agent	Mumps virus
Incubation	14-21 days
Per. of com.	Shortly before & after onset of parotitis
Transmission	Direct & indirect contact.
Symptoms	fever, headache, anorexia, malaise
Treatment	Analgesic for pain and antipyretic

Bacterial Infection | Helminthic

Helminths are pathogenic or parasitic worms
• Namatodes	Roundworms
• Trematodes	Flukes
• Cestodes	Tapeworms
Reservoir	eggs of feces or urine
Transmission	oral cavity by food or hands

Bacterial Infection | Parasitic

Organisms that live on and obtain their food supply. Frequently seen parasites in children are lice and scabies
Pediculosis capitis (Head lice)
Sx	Small, white flecks on hair shaft, Extreme pruritus
Treatment	Wash with shampoo, fine toothed comb
Pediculosis (Public lice)
Sx	Same as for head lice except on pubic hair
Treatment	same as head lice
Scabies (Female mite)
Sx	Black burrow filled w/ mite feces 1-2 in.
Treatment	wash area with lindane or permethrin

The Infectious Process

Pathogen any organism that causes disease:
Viruses, bacteria	rickettsiae
Helminths	Fungi
4 Phases or Periods
Incubation: time between entry and onset of symptoms
Prodromal: time when person feels abnormal or weak
Illness: person feels typical symptoms.
Convalescent: person recovers from the infection

Viral Infection | Enxanthem Subitum

Exanthem Subitum	Roseola infantum
viral infection of very young children that causes high fever followed by a rash. ages 6 mos to 3 yrs.
Agent	Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)
Incubation	Approx. 10 days
Per. of com.	During febrile period
Transmission	Unknown
Symptoms	high fever, rash develops
Treatment	measures to reduce discomfort

Viral Infection | Rubella

Rubella	German Measles
Affects older school age and adolescent
Agent	Rubella virus
Incubation	14 to 21 days
Per. of com.	approx 7-5 days after rashes appear
Transmission	Direct and indirect contact w/ droplets
Symptoms	fever, malaise, anorexia, conjuctivitis.
Treatments	reduce discomfort of rash & fever

Viral Infection | Rubeola

Rubeola	Measles (koplik's spot)
Sometimes called brown or black, regular or 7day measles to differentiate it from rubella. (german 3days)
Agent	Measles virus
Incubation	10-12 days
Per. of com.	5th day till the first few days of rashes
Transmission	Direst & indirect contact w/ droplets
Symptoms	fever, malaise, coryza, conjunctivitis.
Treatment	reduce discomfort of rash and fever

Viral Infection | Varicella

Varicella	Chicken Pox
It causes an itchy rash with small, fluid-filled blisters.
Agent	Varicella zoster virus
Incubation	10-12 days
Per. of com.	day before rash to 5-6 days after
Transmission	Direct & indirect contact.
Symptoms	fever, malaise, lesions, vesicle to crust
Treatment	antihistamine, antipyretic, acyclovir

Viral Infection | Herpes Zoster

Herpes Zoster	Shingles
Once you have had chickenpox, varicella-zoster virus remains in your body's nerve tissues and never really goes away. Herpes zoster could be activated
Agent	Varicella zoster virus
Incubation	2-12 days
Per. of com.	day before rash to 5-6 days after
Transmission	Direct & indirect contact.
Symptoms	pruritus, cutaneous vesicular lesions
Treatment	acyclovir, analgesia for pain

Viral Infection | Variola

Variola	Smallpox
Agent	Smallpox virus
Incubation	7-17 days
Per. of com.	from onset of rash till crust shed
Transmission	Direct & indirect contact.
Prodromal	3-4 days of chills, fever, vomiting
Symptoms	macules, papules, vesicles & pustules
Treatment	VIG to suppress symptoms & antibiotics

Viral Infection | Poliovirus

Poliovirus	Poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis)
Agent	Polio virus
Incubation	7-17 days
Per. of com.	1-6 weeks. before onset of Sx
Transmission	Direct & indirect contact.
Symptoms	Fever, nausea, body pain, vomiting
Treatment	bed rest, analgesia, moist hot packs

Viral Infection | Rabies

Agent	Rabies virus
Incubation	2-6 weeks as long as 12 months
Per. of com.	3-2 days before onset of Sx
Transmission	Bite of rabid animals, saliva
Symptoms	hyperexcitability, twitching, seizure
Treatment	Rabies vaccine and anti-rabies serum

Bacterial Infection | Rickettsia

• A genus of small, rod-shaped, round to pleomorphic
• True bacteria, gram neg, cultivable in living tissues
Pathogenesis	Replicate in endothelial cells, skin rash
Transmission	Transmitted by lice, fleas, ticks, mites

Bacterial Infection | Fungal

Children fungi can cause superficial infection on skin, nails and hair like oral thrush
Superficial	on the skin
Subcutaneous	Tissues under the skin
Systemic	in deeper tissues

Created By

Dan_Niel

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Languages: English

Published: 15th February, 2021

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