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SAS #1: Basic Principles of Pharmacology Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Chapter 1 (Introduction: The Nature of Drugs & Drug Development & Regulation) Chapter 3 (Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics: Rational Dosing & the Time Course of Drug Action)

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Table 1-3

Endocy­tosis and Exocytosis

Endocy­tosis - is the process by which the substance is bound at a cell-s­urface receptor, engulfed by the cell membrane, and carried into the cell by pinching off of the newly formed vesicle inside the membrane.
Exocytosis - the reverse process. Is respon­sible for the secretion of many substances from cells.

Factors for a drug to cross the lipid membrane:

- Lipid soluble
- Uncharged
- Non-polar
- Small in size
- Non-io­nized

Drug-R­eceptor Bonds

These are of 3 major types:
COVALENT bonds – are very strong and in many cases not reversible under biologic condit­ions.
ELECTR­OSTATIC bonds – more common but are weaker than covalent bonds.
HYDROP­HOBIC bonds – are usually quite weak and are important in the intera­ctions of highly lipid soluble drugs.

THE TIME COURSE of DRUG EFFECT

IMMEDIATE EFFECTS – drug effects are directly related to plasma concen­tra­tions.
DELAYED EFFECTS - Changes in drug effects are often delayed in relation to changes in plasma concen­tra­tion. This delay may reflect the time required for the drug to distribute from plasma to the site of action.
CUMULATIVE EFFECTS - It is the accumu­lation of aminog­lyc­oside in the renal cortex that is thought to cause renal damage.