This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Key Concept 4.1
Portuguese created school for navigation->increased trade w/West Africa |
European cartography->better navigation->easier transoceanic trading |
European royal chartered monopoly companies (British East India+Dutch East India Company which were joint stock companies)were used by rulers to control+for merchants to compete in global trade |
Christianity became more diverse during Reformation(Wycliffe and the Lollards, Jan Hus and the Hussites, Luther(95 Theses) and Lutheranism, Calvin and Calvinism(Protestant work ethic), Henry VIII and Anglicanism(so he can remarry) b/c Church corrupt so certain groups felt that it needed to reform |
Trade->made European country's economy better->funding for the arts (Shakespeare, Renaissance arts) |
The Tolerance Acts of 1680 granted freedom of worship to Non-Anglicans. |
African religion in the Americas-religious syncretism |
African Diaspora(displacement of Africans)-new languages, religions, music |
The conquest into the Baltic sea gave Russia a warm water port (St Peterson) was used for trade |
Ottoman Empire:Mehmed ruled Istanbul which prospered due to location of the Bosporus Strait |
Zheng He: purpose to display wealth of Dynasty and receive tribute; win prestige for the Chinese government -Opened new markets for Chinese goods + brought understanding of the world beyond China -Confucian scholars worried that interactions and trade w/ others threatened China's social order |
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Key Concept 4.2
Bureaucracies increased and the power of the middle class grew at the expense of the lords and the church's |
Indentured servitude- Encomienda, mit’a system, and slavery |
Social change-new social pyramid->peninsulares, creoles, castas, mestizos, mulattoes, zambos |
Atlantic slave trade->demographic change w/greater number of women |
At the top of the social class were the boyars who were the landowning nobles |
Conflict for gov’t positions between ulama and warrior aristocracy |
Sultans became less capable-advisers (called viziers) needed |
Akbar created bureaucratic gov’t with gov’t officials called zamindars |
Silk textile industry grew thru trade in Japan |
Japan not feudal system ->daimyo power decreased->samurai w/o masters called ronin |
Know This Too!
Korea-very isolated; close links w/China |
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Key Concept 4.3
European rulers used divine right to legitimize rule (Jean Bodin) |
Thirty Years War ->economic catastrophe->challenge to state consolidation |
The French government became more absolute which allowed for an ever greater centralization of government and the development of the system of intendants (tax farmers). |
European shift from feudalism to nationalism |
Certain regions of East and West Africa were targets of european imperialism during the late 15th century |
West and Central African states mostly on the coast strengthened from trade->decline of other states |
Tsars(Russian rulers) established the Russian orthodox church as a way to unite the people and they claimed divine right |
Russia greatly grew in size |
Serfs were overtaxed which resulted in rebellion->made it harder to state consolidation |
Ottomans used devshirme- Christian boys became Janissaries |
Ottomans and Safavid conflict: Sunni v. Shia and overland trade routes |
Mughal India:Akbar tolerant of all religions, very good ruler |
Li Zicheng conquered Beijing, the Manchu saw this opportunity to seize power, founded Qin Dyn. |
Manchus wanted to make their culture dominant in China (men obligated to dress in the Manchu style) |
Tokugawa Shogunate set on centralizing Japan |
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