This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Key Concept 4.1Portuguese created school for navigation->increased trade w/West Africa | European cartography->better navigation->easier transoceanic trading | European royal chartered monopoly companies (British East India+Dutch East India Company which were joint stock companies)were used by rulers to control+for merchants to compete in global trade | Christianity became more diverse during Reformation(Wycliffe and the Lollards, Jan Hus and the Hussites, Luther(95 Theses) and Lutheranism, Calvin and Calvinism(Protestant work ethic), Henry VIII and Anglicanism(so he can remarry) b/c Church corrupt so certain groups felt that it needed to reform | Trade->made European country's economy better->funding for the arts (Shakespeare, Renaissance arts) | The Tolerance Acts of 1680 granted freedom of worship to Non-Anglicans. | African religion in the Americas-religious syncretism | African Diaspora(displacement of Africans)-new languages, religions, music | The conquest into the Baltic sea gave Russia a warm water port (St Peterson) was used for trade | Ottoman Empire:Mehmed ruled Istanbul which prospered due to location of the Bosporus Strait | Zheng He: purpose to display wealth of Dynasty and receive tribute; win prestige for the Chinese government -Opened new markets for Chinese goods + brought understanding of the world beyond China -Confucian scholars worried that interactions and trade w/ others threatened China's social order |
| | Key Concept 4.2Bureaucracies increased and the power of the middle class grew at the expense of the lords and the church's | Indentured servitude- Encomienda, mit’a system, and slavery | Social change-new social pyramid->peninsulares, creoles, castas, mestizos, mulattoes, zambos | Atlantic slave trade->demographic change w/greater number of women | At the top of the social class were the boyars who were the landowning nobles | Conflict for gov’t positions between ulama and warrior aristocracy | Sultans became less capable-advisers (called viziers) needed | Akbar created bureaucratic gov’t with gov’t officials called zamindars | Silk textile industry grew thru trade in Japan | Japan not feudal system ->daimyo power decreased->samurai w/o masters called ronin |
Know This Too!Korea-very isolated; close links w/China |
| | Key Concept 4.3European rulers used divine right to legitimize rule (Jean Bodin) | Thirty Years War ->economic catastrophe->challenge to state consolidation | The French government became more absolute which allowed for an ever greater centralization of government and the development of the system of intendants (tax farmers). | European shift from feudalism to nationalism | Certain regions of East and West Africa were targets of european imperialism during the late 15th century | West and Central African states mostly on the coast strengthened from trade->decline of other states | Tsars(Russian rulers) established the Russian orthodox church as a way to unite the people and they claimed divine right | Russia greatly grew in size | Serfs were overtaxed which resulted in rebellion->made it harder to state consolidation | Ottomans used devshirme- Christian boys became Janissaries | Ottomans and Safavid conflict: Sunni v. Shia and overland trade routes | Mughal India:Akbar tolerant of all religions, very good ruler | Li Zicheng conquered Beijing, the Manchu saw this opportunity to seize power, founded Qin Dyn. | Manchus wanted to make their culture dominant in China (men obligated to dress in the Manchu style) | Tokugawa Shogunate set on centralizing Japan |
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