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outlines
Oxidative phosphorylation (Electron transport chain + Chemiosmosis) |
Eukaryotic Oxidative Phosphorylation Takes Place in Mitochondria |
Oxidative Phosphorylation Depends on Electron Transfer (loss of electrons) |
The Respiratory Chain Consists of Four Complexes: Three Proton Pumps and a Physical Link to the Citric Acid Cycle |
A Proton Gradient Powers the Synthesis of ATP |
Many Shuttles Allow Movement Across the Mitochondrial Membranes |
The Regulation of Cellular Respiration Is Governed Primarily by the Need for ATP |
Electron transfer potential of NADH and FADH 2
-> Phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP |
outline
A sedentary male of 70 kg (154 lbs) requires about 8400 kJ (2000 kcal) for a day’s worth of activity. |
To provide this much energy requires 83 kg of ATP. However, human beings possess only about 250 g of ATP at any given moment. |
The disparity between the amount of ATP that we have and the amount that we require is compensated by recycling ADP back to ATP. Each ATP molecule is recycled approximately 300 times per day. This recycling takes place primarily through oxidative phosphorylation. |
Overview of oxidative phosphorylation
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Eukaryotic Oxi_Phos_ take place in Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Humans contain an estimated 14,000 m2 of inner mitochondrial membrane. |
The mitochondrial matrix is the site of most of the reactions of the citric acid cycle and fatty acid oxidation. In contrast, oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane |
The outer membrane is quite permeable to most small molecules and ions because it contains many copies of mitochondrial porin,a 30- to 35-kd pore-forming protein also known as VDAC, for voltage-dependent anion channel. |
In contrast, the inner membrane is impermeable to nearly all ions and polar molecules. |
Electron transfer
Volt potential difference between NADH and O2 drives electron transport and favors formation of a proton gradient |
NADH->Pump1->CoQ->Pump3->CytC->Pump4->2O2->2H2O |
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Respiratory Chain have Four Complexes
Three Proton Pumps and a Physical Link to the Citric Acid Cycle |
Electrons are transferred from NADH to O2 through a chain of three large protein complexes called NADH-Q oxidoreductase(I), Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (III), and cytochrome c oxidase (IV). |
Electron flow within these transmembrane complexes leads to the transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
A fourth large protein complex, called succinate-Q reductase (II), contains the succinate dehydrogenase that generates FADH 2
in the citric acid cycle. |
Oxidoreductase = reductase = dehydrogenase |
Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) also carries electrons from FADH2 (generated by citric acid cycle) generated through succinate-Q reductase |
Electronsflowdown an energy gradient from NADHtoO2
Components of mitochondrial etc
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