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over asepsis and infection
Chain of Infectioninfectious agent | Microorganisms | reservoir | where the pathogens multiply | portal of exit | how an infectious agent leave a reservoir (GI or respiratory tract) | mode of transmission | Direct and indirect| contact droplet (D), airborne, vehicle born, vector born (I) | portal of entry | opening in skin | host | virulence depends on genetics and other factors such as age, nutrition, disease, and stress |
Virulence: how able is it to produce disease
zoonosis: transmission from a vertebrate animal to a human
Fomites: inanimate non-living objects (paper) Don and doffdon | doff | gown | gloves | mask | eyewear | eyewear | gown | gloves | mask |
Contact Precautionsmultidrug resistant organisms | MRSA VRE | RSV | Respiratory | skin infections | wound infections | enteric infections | C diff | eye infections | varicellis zoster | specifically when it causes shingles | cutaneous diphtheria | when it affects only skin | herpes simplex | imeptigo | crusty pustule around mouth | pediculosis | lice. Wear hair cap | scabies |
If a pt is placed on contact precautions, the correct PPE is gown and gloves. all surfaces are considered contaminated. no paper in or out of the room | | types of infectionLocal | Systemic | erythema | fever | warmth | lymphadenopathy | edema | fatigue | pain | bacteremia/sepsis | purulent exudate | hypotension* |
Purulent exudate: fluid that leaks from inflamed cells
Hypotension is a result of sepsis d/t shock Droplet Precautionsscarlet fever | strep | parvovirus | fifth disease | influenza | diphtheria | infects respiratory tract | epiglotitis | rubella | german measles | mumps | meningitis | mycoplasma pneumonia | adenovirus |
droplets must be 5-10 microns
range is 3 feet
wear gloves and a surgical mask
pt must wear surgical mask outside of room | | Stage of IllnessIncubation Period | asymptomatic | Prodromal Period | Immune system becomes activated | Period of Illness | rash and other symptoms start...specific to the disease process | Period of Convalescnce | recovery |
airborne precautionsrequires a negative pressure room | pt wears surgical mask outside of room | PPE | gown gloves and N95 | Measles | SARS | small pox | chickenpox | TB |
| | Lab Valuesneutrophils | 55-70% | lymphocytes | 20-40% | monocytes | 2-8% | eosinophils | 1-4% | basophils | 0.5-1% |
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