Beginner Blocki | start insert | <esc> or <C-[> | escape to normal mode | :w [<filename>] | in normal mode, write to current file | :q | in normal mode, quit the editor |
Cursor Motions: keystokes that move the cursorhjkl | left/down/up/right | f/F | search and move to next typed character | t/T | similar to f/F. but stop before character | 0/$ | start/end of current line | ^/g_ | start and end of current line with non whitespace | w/e | next start/end of word, W/E for word with punctunation | b/B | previous start of word B for word with punctuation | gg | go to line {count}, default first line | G | go to line {count}, default last line | -/<enter> | previous/next start of the line | H/M/L | cursor go to TOP/MIDDLE/BOTTOM of the screen | '' | (single quote twice) previous location in jumplist | '{a-z}/`{a-z} | previous marked position using m{a-z}, E.g. ma `a | '. | To the position where the last change was made. | % | move to closing pair [], {}, () | {1-9}+ | a number type before motions, repeat {count} motion | :help motion | check more on documents inside vim | g; g, | cycle through change positions |
Vim Concept: Motions - command that moves the cursor, depends on current cursor position. Above list is not complete! It can be used with OPERATOR to efficiently editing text in Textual User Interface Operator - commands that edit text efficientlyd | delete/cut | c | change | y | copy/yank | ~ | reverse case | ! | filter with external program, E.g. format doc | gu/gU | make lower/upper case | </> | indent left/right | = | filter with predefined equalprg | zf | fold the text |
Two way to combine operator and selections:
1. operator first then selection
2. visual selection first then does operation
Example:
E.g. di" delete the word inside double quotes or equivalently vi"d.
E.g. yy copy the current line, dd cut/delete the current line (Press one operator twice operate on current line as the selection) Text-Object-Motion : Level Up Cursor Motionap | around a paragraph | iw | inner word | aw | aroud word | i" | inner double quote | a" | around double quote | // | last search result, follow after operator | //0 | search-offset to that whole line | :h iw | help for more |
Paste && Registersp | paste after cursor using content from register " | P | paste before cursor or cursor line | "0p | paste 0 register's content in normal mode | :register | show content of a list of registers | :h i_ctrl-r | more registers |
VIM Concept: Registers, used to store copy/cut text, the register can have single character names, {0-9a-z"%#*+:.-=}. Page Movement<C-e>/<C-y> | move buffer down/up and keep cursor position | zz | bring current cursor line to center | zb | bring current cursor line to bottom screen | zt | bring current cursor line to top screen |
Visual Mode Commandso | switch between two ends of selection (anchor) | <c-v> | switch to visual block mode | V | switch to visual line mode | v | switch to visual mode |
Tabsgt | go to next tab | gT | go to previous tab | :tabnew | new tab, <leader>t | :tabclose | close current tab |
File NavigationCtrl + 6 / Ctrl + ^ | jump to previous opened file in current window | gf | open file using the text under the cursor | :tabe <filename> | open file in the new tab | :e <filename> | open file in the current window | :ls | list current opened buffers(files) | :buf <number> | open selected buffer(file) in the current window |
Start Insert Mode in various waya | insert after the cursor (append) | i | insert in front of the cursor | I (Caps i) | Insert at the beginning of the line | A | Insert at the end of the line | s | remove current character and enter insert mode | R | enter insert mode with REPLACE semantic | c <motions> | delete selected text and enter insert mode | gi | go to last edited place and enter insert mode |
| | Windows (Split, Size Adjustment, Placement)<C-w>= | equal size display all panels | <C-w>s | horizontal split | <C-w>v | vertical split | <C-W>p | go to last accessed window | <C-w>H | put pane to absolute left, take full height | <C-w>L | put pane to absolute right, take full height | <C-w>J | put pane to absolute bottom, take full width | <C-w>K | put pane to absolute top, take full width | :set splitright | for vertical split, place new pane right | :vertical split <filename> | vertical split buffer/file | <C-w>hjkl | move to cursor to relative left/down/up/right pane |
Insert Mode ( Emacs Style Single Line Editing)<C-a> | Jump to the beginning of the line | <C-e> | Jump to the end of the line | <C-w> | Backward-Delete Word | <C-d> | Forward-Delete Word | <C-y> | paste/yank to current line | <C-k> | delete the rest line after cursor |
Useful Utility Commands (Normal Mode). | dot command, repeat last change | J | Join the line below to current line | <C-a> | add {count} to number under cusor | <C-x> | subtract {count} to number under cusor | @; | repeat last cmdline command | <leader>j | break current line and move trailing part one line above |
dot command . repeat text changes that is defined by vim. E.g. invoked by operator c and followup inserted text. Ctrl+R (Using Registers in Insert/Command Mode)<C-R>/ | put last search string | <C-R>= | calculator <C-R>=128/2, insert mode | <C-R>" | put last copied text | <C-R>0 | put second to last copied text |
dot command . does not repeat command line commands, only changes that is defined by vim. E.g. invoked by operator c and followup inserted text. CSCOPE MAPPING (My Configuration):cs add <path to cscope.out> <path to worksapce> | <leader>ca | add cscope.out <worksapce path> | <leader>gs | search the C symbol under cursor | <leader>gd | search global defintion | <leader>gc | search who called this function | <leader>ge | search this string as egrep pattern | <leader>gf | search for this file under cursor | <leader>gi | search for files that include the current file | <leader>ga | search assignment to this variable |
cscope is the most common tool for developing c projects. (look up symbol, definition, locate caller/callee of functions, etc). cscope interface is built-in feature for most vim distribution. To generate cscope database, first use cscope -Rbq in your project directory. Normal Commands (My Configuration)q | close current window | <cr> | equivalent to :noh Remove Search Highlights | <leader>m | open tagbar for current file | <leader>l | toggle line number display | <leader>z | open current file in a new tab to "ZOOM" |
Command Mode ::% | {range}, equal to 1,$ (the entire file) | :{range}! <external cmd> | range of text is being pipe to cmd to be replaced | :%! xxd | edit binary file | :%! xxd -r | save the file into binary form | Ctrl-f | open cmdline editing windows |
Special and Very Useful Windows -- Quickfix:copen/:cclose | open/close Quickfix | :cn | go to next fix | :cp | go to previous fix | :make all -j | build the code & report on quickfix list |
Quickfix typically used after :make command and can be configured to work with cscope. The quickfix window contains the parsed result from :make that contains where complication error happen, and put cursor to exactly the file/line/column so user can just fix it!
I open quick fix with my shortcut and prefix a :botright copen to open it at the bottom of window Fold The Content:set foldmethod= | available values: syntax, indent, manual | :set foldlevel= | 0,1,2,3,.., applied when value is changed | za | toggle folding at the cursor position | zf | Operator to create a fold (manual mode only) | zo | open selection text | zc | close the fold |
Vim Diff Mode:diffsplit <[filename]> | split the window with diff mode on | :diffoff | turn off diff mode, (include diff highlights) | :set diff! | only switch the diff color highlight | do | diff obtain the change from the other side | dp | diff put change to the other side |
windo diffoff can turn off all diffmode windows in current tab
Commentary ( External Plugin )gcc | comment/uncomment current line | 10gcc | comment next 10 lines | gcu | comment block | gcap | comment the paragrah | gc | comment selection (visual mode) |
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