Cheatography
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Oxygen Usage Definitions
Obligate Aerobe |
Needs O2 -Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Bacillus |
Facultative |
Grows with or without O2 -Staph, Strep, Enterobacteriaceae |
Microaerophilic |
Only requires a small amount of O2 -Borrelia |
Obligate Anaerobe |
Can't survive in O2 -C. diff |
Anaerobic Basics
Basic Reservoirs |
-Abscesses -Body Fluid -Mouth -Deep Wound -Intestine -UTI |
Examples of Infections/Diseases caused by Anaerobes |
-Dental Infection -C.diff -Deep wound -Gangrene -Necrotic Tissue -Botulism |
Aerotolerance Testing
1. CDC BA colony plate with growth |
2. Sub to regular BA and another CDC BA plate |
3. See if they are anaerobes |
If they grow on the regular BA and the CDC BA then they are not anaerobes |
Anaerobic Basics
Basic Reservoirs |
-Abscesses -Body Fluid -Mouth -Deep Wound -Intestine -UTI |
Examples of Infections/Diseases caused by Anaerobes |
-Dental Infection -C.diff -Deep wound -Gangrene -Necrotic Tissue -Botulism |
|
|
Specimens
Appropriate Specimens |
Aspirates, body fluid, tissues, suprapubic asspiration, drainage, brain abscesses, sinus aspirates |
Inappropriate (rejected) specimens |
Swab of anything, anythying respiratory b/c of normal flora, vaginal b/c normal flora, urine, stool |
Anaerobic Media - All have no oxygen |
CDC Blood Agar |
Blood Agar without O2 |
CCFA |
Used for C. Diff. Both selective and differential |
LKV agar |
Laked blood and antibiotic. Has Vanco and Kanamycin, ONLY selective |
Bacteroides Bile Esculin Agar |
Special for Bacteroides fragilis. Selective and differential (20% bile tolerance) |
Thioglycollate Broth |
Broth media to grow bacteria. Can only grow medically significant organisms. Oxygen suppressed |
Cooked Meat Glucose Broth |
looks like has chunks of beef in it. Has glucose. Does same thing as thioglycollate broth |
Incubation Environment |
Gas Pack Jar |
85% N; 10% H; 5% CO2 |
Anaerobic Chamber |
Gram Negative Bacilli
|
Fusobacterium necrophorum |
Fusobacterium nucleatum |
Bile Tolerance (20% |
- |
- |
Brick Red Fluorescence (UV) |
- |
- |
Brown/black colonies on CDC |
- |
- |
Vancomycin |
R |
R |
Penicillin |
R |
R |
Kanamycin |
S |
S |
Lipase |
+ |
- |
Esculin |
- |
- |
Gram Negative Bacilli
|
Bacteroides fragilis |
Porphyromonas gingivalis |
Prevotella melaninogenica |
Bile Tolerance (20% Bile) |
+ |
- |
- |
Brick Red Fluorescence (UV light) |
- |
+ |
+ |
Brown/Black Colonies on CDC |
- |
+ |
+ |
Vancomycin |
R |
S |
R |
Penicillin |
R |
S |
R |
Kanamycin |
R |
R |
R |
Lipase |
- |
- |
- |
Esculin |
+ |
- |
- |
Gram Positive Bacilli
Catalase Positive |
Cutibacterium (former Propionibacterium) |
- Moderate Growth Rate - Diphtheroid Gram Stain |
Catalase Negative |
Actinomyces spp. |
- Slow growth rate - Filamentous, branching GPB |
Lactobacillus |
- Rapid Growth Rate{{nl}- Looping, chaining GPB - Resistant to Vancomycin |
Clostridium spp. |
- Clostridium perfringens |
- Lecithinase Positive - cloudy around colony - Double zone beta hemolysis - Lipase negative - Boxcar shape - Gangrene |
- Clostridium sporogenes |
- Common in soil - Comes from stool samples - Lipase Positive - Smells like bad dirt |
- Clostridium difficile |
- Should not be grown - Do toxin testing and PCR - Test of cure - PCR can pick up dead DNA so it can be false positive - If pt has firm stool, no longer transmissable |
- Clostridium septicum |
- Gangrene - Spreading colony formation - Subterminal Spores |
- Clostridium tetani |
- Cause of tetanus - Club like - Tennis racket like |
- Clostridium tertium |
- Aerotolerant - Can grow in O2 |
Gram Positive Cocci
Peptostreptococcus |
Catalase Negative |
Staphylococcus saccharolyticus |
Catalase Variable |
Gram Negative Cocci
Veillonella spp. |
Sometimes in blood cultures from endocarditis |
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