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Phonetics & Phonology cheat sheet Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Basics in Phonetics and Phonology

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Place of Articu­lation

place
active articu­lator
passive articu­lator
bilabial
lower lip
upper lip
labio-­dental
lower lip
upper teeth
dental
tongue tip/blade
upper teeth
alveolar
tongue tip/blade
alveolar ridge
palato­-al­veolar
tongue back
area behind alveolar ridge
palatal
tongue front
hard palate
velar
tongue back
velum
uvular
tongue back
uvula
glottal
vocal cords
vocal cords

Consonants

plosives
/p/
play
[+cons +ant]
/ph/
pie
/b/
bottle
[+cons +ant +voice]
/t/
hit
[+cons +cor + ant]
/th/
tiger
/d/
dog
[+cons +cor +ant +voice]
/r/
writer
/k/
cat
[+cons +high +back]
/kh/
kit
/g/
gorilla
[+cons +high +back +voice]
/ts/
church
[+cons +cor +stri + del rel + high]
/dz
 

Manner of Articu­lation

manner
descri­ption
plosive
involves complete closure
affricate
with friction
fricatives
without friction
nasals
air flows into nasal cavity
glides
semi-v­owels
liquids
unhindered airflow

Conson­ant­-types

type
descri­ption
members
obstruents
restricted airflow
plosives, affric­ates, fricatives
sonorants
no restricted airflow
nasals, glides, liquids
 

Major Class Features

conson­anatal features
[+syll]
sounds with function as nucleus of syllable
[-syll]
sounds with no function as nucleus of a syllable
[+cons]
sounds with oral stricture
[-cons]
sounds without oral stricture
[+son]
sounds with clear formant pattern
[-son]
sounds without clear formant pattern
place features
[+cor]
articu­lated with tongue tip or blade raised
[-cor]
does not involve the front of the tongue
[+ant]
produced in front of the alveolar ridge
[-ant]
produced behind the alveolar ridge
manner features
[+cont]
free airflow through oral cavity
[-cont]
stopped airflow in oral cavity
[+nas]
airflow through the nasal cavity
[-nas]
no airflow through the nasal cavity
[+strid]
with constr­iction = noisy airflow
[-strid]
without constr­iction
[+lat]
airflow over the tongue (only /l/)
[-lat]
all other sounds
[+delrel]
delayed release
[-delrel]
no delayed release
vocalic features
[+low]
lowered tongue
[-low]
no lowered tongue
[+high]
tongue raised
[-high]
tongue not raised
[+back]
tongue retracted
[-back]
tongue not retracted
[+front]
tongue fronted
[-front]
tongue not fronted
[+round]
lips rounded
[-round]
lips not rounded
[+tense]
muscular constr­iction
[-tense]
no muscular constr­iction