Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
Basics in Phonetics and Phonology
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Place of Articulation
place |
active articulator |
passive articulator |
bilabial |
lower lip |
upper lip |
labio-dental |
lower lip |
upper teeth |
dental |
tongue tip/blade |
upper teeth |
alveolar |
tongue tip/blade |
alveolar ridge |
palato-alveolar |
tongue back |
area behind alveolar ridge |
palatal |
tongue front |
hard palate |
velar |
tongue back |
velum |
uvular |
tongue back |
uvula |
glottal |
vocal cords |
vocal cords |
Consonants
plosives |
/p/ |
play |
[+cons +ant] |
/ph/ |
pie |
/b/ |
bottle |
[+cons +ant +voice] |
/t/ |
hit |
[+cons +cor + ant] |
/th/ |
tiger |
/d/ |
dog |
[+cons +cor +ant +voice] |
/r/ |
writer |
/k/ |
cat |
[+cons +high +back] |
/kh/ |
kit |
/g/ |
gorilla |
[+cons +high +back +voice] |
/ts/ |
church |
[+cons +cor +stri + del rel + high] |
/dz |
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Manner of Articulation
manner |
description |
plosive |
involves complete closure |
affricate |
with friction |
fricatives |
without friction |
nasals |
air flows into nasal cavity |
glides |
semi-vowels |
liquids |
unhindered airflow |
Consonant-types
type |
description |
members |
obstruents |
restricted airflow |
plosives, affricates, fricatives |
sonorants |
no restricted airflow |
nasals, glides, liquids |
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|
Major Class Features
consonanatal features |
[+syll] |
sounds with function as nucleus of syllable |
[-syll] |
sounds with no function as nucleus of a syllable |
[+cons] |
sounds with oral stricture |
[-cons] |
sounds without oral stricture |
[+son] |
sounds with clear formant pattern |
[-son] |
sounds without clear formant pattern |
place features |
[+cor] |
articulated with tongue tip or blade raised |
[-cor] |
does not involve the front of the tongue |
[+ant] |
produced in front of the alveolar ridge |
[-ant] |
produced behind the alveolar ridge |
manner features |
[+cont] |
free airflow through oral cavity |
[-cont] |
stopped airflow in oral cavity |
[+nas] |
airflow through the nasal cavity |
[-nas] |
no airflow through the nasal cavity |
[+strid] |
with constriction = noisy airflow |
[-strid] |
without constriction |
[+lat] |
airflow over the tongue (only /l/) |
[-lat] |
all other sounds |
[+delrel] |
delayed release |
[-delrel] |
no delayed release |
vocalic features |
[+low] |
lowered tongue |
[-low] |
no lowered tongue |
[+high] |
tongue raised |
[-high] |
tongue not raised |
[+back] |
tongue retracted |
[-back] |
tongue not retracted |
[+front] |
tongue fronted |
[-front] |
tongue not fronted |
[+round] |
lips rounded |
[-round] |
lips not rounded |
[+tense] |
muscular constriction |
[-tense] |
no muscular constriction |
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