RegistersAX Accumulator; used to store some calculation results | BX Base; index register for MOVE | CX Counter; count for string operations & shifts | DX Datas; port address for IN and OUT | SP Points to top of stack | BP Points to base of stack frame | SI Points to a source in stream operations | DI Points to a destination in stream operations | CS Points to base of segment containing code | DS Points to base of segment containing datas | SS Points to base of segment containing the stack | ES Points to base of an additionnal segment | IP Points to the next instruction to be run |
LoopsLOOP | Decrements CX and jumps to label if CX <> 0 | LOOPE LOOPZ | Decrements CX and jumps to label if CX <> 0 and ZF = 1 | LOOPNE LOOPNZ | Decrements CX and jumps to label if CX <> 0 and ZF = 0 | JCXZ | Jumps to label if CX = 0 |
Remember: Loops uses CX and ZF registers | | InstructionsInstruction | Usage | Example | MOV | Assigns value to register | MOV AX, 15h | ADD | Adds value to register | ADD AX, BX | SUB | Substracts value to register | SUB AX, 1 | AND | Executes binary AND operation | AND AL, 1101111b | OR | Executes binary OR operation | OR AL, BX | NOT | Executes binary NOT operation | NOT AL | XOR | Executes binary XOR operation | XOR AL, 01010101b | SHL/SAL/SHR/SAR | Shifts to the left or to the right. When arithmetic, the sign bit doesn't shift. Explused bit is stocked in CF | SHL AL, 1 / SAL AL, 2 | ROL/RCL/ROR/RCR | Rotates to the left or to the right, using or not CF | ROL AL, 1 / RCR AL, 2 | INC / DEC | Increments or decrements a value | INC AX / DEC BX | ADC / SBB | Does an addition or substraction of >16bits numbers, by storing restraint in CF | ADC AX, CX | STC / CLS / CMC | Sets CF to 1, 0 or inverts it | STC | STD / CLD | Sets DF to 1 or 0 | STD | STI / CLI | Sets IF to 1 or 0 | CLI | MUL / IMUL / DIV / IDIV | Multiplies or divides two numbers and stores it to AX (+DX for most significant bit) | MOV AL, 0001Ah MUL 00002h | JMP | Jumps to a label | JMP calc | CMP | Performs a comparison | CMP AL, 01234b | PUSH / PUSHA / PUSHF | Pushes a data to SS:[SP] / all registers / FLAGS | PUSH 10h | POP / POPA / POPF | Restores fatas form SS:[SP] / all registers (except SP) / FLAGS | POP AX |
| | Conditional jumpsInstruction | Description | Condition | JA | Jump if Above | CF = 0 and ZF = 0 | JAE | Jump if Above or Equal | CF = 0 | JB | Jump if Below | CF = 1 | JBE | Jump if Below or Equal | CF = 1 or ZF = 1 | JC | Jump if Carry | CF = 1 | JE | Jump if Equal | ZF = 1 | JG | Jump if Greater | ZF = 0 and SF = OF | JGE | Jump if Greater of Equal | SF = OF | JL | Jump if Less | SF <> OF | JLE | Jump if Less or Equal | ZF = 1 or SF <> OF | JO | Jump if Overflow | OF = 1 | JP | Jump if Parity | PF = 1 | JPE | Jump if Parity Even | PF = 1 | JS | Jump if Sign | SF = 1 | JZ | Jump if Zero | ZF = 1 |
ColorsDecimal | Hexa | Binary | Color | 0 | 00h | 0000b | Black | 1 | 01h | 0001b | Blue | 2 | 02h | 0010b | Green | 3 | 03h | 0011b | Colbalt blue | 4 | 04h | 0100b | Red | 5 | 05h | 0101b | Violet | 6 | 06h | 0110b | Brown | 7 | 07h | 0111b | Light grey | 8 | 08h | 1000b | Dark grey | 9 | 09h | 1001b | Light blue | 10 | 0Ah | 1010b | Light green | 11 | 0Bh | 1011b | Light cobalt | 12 | 0Ch | 1100b | Light red | 13 | 0Dh | 1101b | Light violet | 14 | 0Eh | 1110b | Yellow | 15 | 0Fh | 1111b | White |
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