Termszygote | cell that develops into offspring | embryo | unprotected or unhatched off spring | genetic diversity | inherited genetic differences in a species | sustainability | ability of environment to keep supporting its organisms into future | reproduction | ensures life exists beyond its present gen. and species exist in future |
DNAChromatin | Condensed form of DNA | Nitrogen bases | "steps of DNA"; a with t, c with g | Chromosomes | condensed chromatin for reproduction | Homolog pairs | chromes that are the same shape, size, have same genetic info in same spot; one from ea. parent |
DNA replicationDuring late interphase, Dna unwinds with enzyme and bases are paired with new bases. |
Asexual Reproductionbinary fission | mitosis in prokaryotes | budding | buds in multicelluar can detach through repeated mitosis and form separate org. | frag. | part of multicelluar breaks off due to injury and becomes separate org. | vegetative. | stems, leaves, or roots are used to asex. repro. | spore | spores grow into new org. |
Cancer (from mutations in cell cycle)Cancer cells have large nuclei, no use, they attract blood vessels and become tumours, and can metastasize |
| | MITOSISprophase | nuclear membrane disappears, fibres attach to centromeres | metaphase | chromes align on equator | anaphase | fibers pull sister chromatids to poles | telophase | fibres disappear and membrane reforms around each set | (cytokinesis) | cell contents are divided into 2 cells | cleavage furrow or cell plate |
Embryo Develop (first 8 wks)morula | end of week one | ball of cells | blastula | end of week two | hollow ball of cells, cell can develop to any kind | gastrula | 3 distinct layers of cells (DIFFERENTIATION) | ecto: skin/ nerves, mes: muscles/bones, end: lungs/liver/digestive system lining |
Asexual v. Sexuallots of offspring quickly, large colonies can form to out-compete, lots=many may survive if conditions change, less energy | disease/mute=death, compete for food and space, bad condition=wiped out | genetic diversity, ext: little energy to mate, more offspring can exist after disaster, int: more protect and care | int: more energy/risk to mate, fewer produced, ext: gams,embryos, offs are unprotect |
| | Fertilization: Pros and Consexternal | very little energy mate, lots of offspring, spread widely in evrionment (less comp.) | many gametes die, many eggs aren't fertilized, offspring are unprotected | internal | embryo protected, offspring's parents will protect | more energy, fewer zygotes, more energy to raise |
Fetal Devlopmentdifferentiation | formation of organs/tissue from gastrula | 1st tri | 0-12 wks | development of all organ systems | 2nd tri | 12-24 | rapid growth (12-16); fetal movements felt | 3rd tri | 24-38 | continued growth (brain) |
MEIOSISprophase | spindle fibres form and push centris. to poles, homolo chromosomes are paired | cross over | metaphase | homolo chromosomes align on 2 sides of equator | anaphase | homolo chromosome pairs separate to opposite poles | assort | telophase | 2 nuclei form, after 2 cells form |
Stages of Sexual Repro.mating | egg and sperm come together at same time and place | fertilization | gametes fuse to make zygote | development | embryo develops |
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