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Basic Arduino functions and their use cases.

Variables

Strings
 
String variab­leName = "Text in here";
Integers
 
int variab­leName = 0;
Doubles
 
double variab­leName = 0.1;
Longs
 
long variab­leName = 999999999;
Booleans
 
boolean variab­leName = false;
You can also create empty variables by default by omitting the equals sign.
For example, 
String variab­leName;
will create a new empty String variable.

Arrays

Array that can hold 4 Strings
 
string[4] array;
Array with pre-set content
 
string[3] array = {"Ba­nan­a", "­Ora­nge­", "­App­le"}
Access the nth value of an array
 
array[­n-1];
Assign a value to an array
 
array[n-1] = "­Pea­r";

Changing Values

Create a new String variable
 
String variab­leName;
Assign "­Pea­r" to the variable
 
variab­leName = "­Pea­r";
This method works for other variable types, too. Keep in mind of the data type that you are assigning to a variable, though. You cannot assign 
"­Pea­r"
to an 
int
, for example.
  

While Loops

While loops will repeatedly run the code inside it until the 
condition
is 
false
, in which the loop will stop and the code after it will continue.
 
while (condi­tion) {

    // code here

}

Functions

Declare a function
 
void myFunc()
   // code here
}
Declare a function that returns an 
int
 
int myFunc(){
   return 1;
}
Declare a function that takes a String parameter
 
void myFunc­(String param) {
   // code here
}
Store the return value of a function in a variable
 
int variab­leName = myFunc();
Combine these concepts to create different types of functions that suit your needs. You can have a function that returns an 
int
value with a 
String
parameter, for example. Use 
void
if your function doesn't return anything.
  

Arduino

Set digital pin 
n
to INPUT.
 
pinMode(n, INPUT);
Set digital pin 
n
to OUTPUT.
 
pinMode(n, OUTPUT);
Read digital pin 
n
(returns boolean)
 
digita­lRe­ad(n);
Write to digital pin 
n
(LOW or HIGH)
 
digita­lWr­ite(n, LOW);
Read value of analog pin A0 (returns int)
 
analog­Rea­d(A0);

Motor

Create a new motor plugged into port M1
 
Adafru­it_­DCMotor *myMotor = AFMS.g­etM­oto­r(1);
Set speed of a motor (0-255)
 
motor-­>se­tSp­eed­(100);
Change motor direction (FORWARD, BACKWARD, RELEASE)
 
motor-­>ru­n(F­ORW­ARD);

Encoder

Create a new encoder plugged in pins 2 and 3
 
Encoder myEnco­der(2, 3);
Read encoder (returns long)
 
Encode­r.r­ead();
Write to encoder
 
Encode­r.w­rit­e(0);
 

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  • Published: 18th May, 2022

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