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Basic Arduino functions and their use cases.
VariablesStrings | String variableName = "Text in here";
| Integers | int variableName = 0;
| Doubles | double variableName = 0.1;
| Longs | long variableName = 999999999;
| Booleans | boolean variableName = false;
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You can also create empty variables by default by omitting the equals sign.
For example, String variableName; will create a new empty String variable. ArraysArray that can hold 4 Strings | string[4] array;
| Array with pre-set content | string[3] array = {"Banana", "Orange", "Apple"}
| Access the nth value of an array | array[n-1];
| Assign a value to an array | array[n-1] = "Pear";
|
Changing ValuesCreate a new String variable | String variableName;
| Assign "Pear" to the variable | variableName = "Pear";
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This method works for other variable types, too. Keep in mind of the data type that you are assigning to a variable, though. You cannot assign "Pear" to an int, for example. | | While LoopsWhile loops will repeatedly run the code inside it until the condition is false, in which the loop will stop and the code after it will continue. |
while (condition) {
// code here
}
FunctionsDeclare a function | void myFunc()
// code here
}
| Declare a function that returns an int | int myFunc(){
return 1;
}
| Declare a function that takes a String parameter | void myFunc(String param) {
// code here
}
| Store the return value of a function in a variable | int variableName = myFunc();
|
Combine these concepts to create different types of functions that suit your needs. You can have a function that returns an int value with a String parameter, for example. Use void if your function doesn't return anything. | | ArduinoSet digital pin n to INPUT. | pinMode(n, INPUT);
| Set digital pin n to OUTPUT. | pinMode(n, OUTPUT);
| Read digital pin n (returns boolean) | digitalRead(n);
| Write to digital pin n (LOW or HIGH) | digitalWrite(n, LOW);
| Read value of analog pin A0 (returns int) | analogRead(A0);
|
MotorCreate a new motor plugged into port M1 | Adafruit_DCMotor *myMotor = AFMS.getMotor(1);
| Set speed of a motor (0-255) | motor->setSpeed(100);
| Change motor direction (FORWARD, BACKWARD, RELEASE) | motor->run(FORWARD);
|
EncoderCreate a new encoder plugged in pins 2 and 3 | Encoder myEncoder(2, 3);
| Read encoder (returns long) | Encoder.read();
| Write to encoder | Encoder.write(0);
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