\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Knoddy}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (arduino.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Knoddy)
  /Subject (Arduino Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Arduino Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Knoddy} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/147755/cs/32140/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Knoddy \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/knoddy} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 18th May, 2022.\\
   Updated 18th May, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.84609 cm} x{4.13091 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Variables}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Strings} & `String variableName = "Text in here";` \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Integers} & `int variableName = 0;` \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Doubles} & `double variableName = 0.1;` \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Longs & `long variableName = 999999999;` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Booleans} & `boolean variableName = false;` \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{You can also create empty variables by default by omitting the equals sign.  \newline For example, `String variableName;` will create a new empty String variable.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arrays}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Array that can hold 4 Strings & `string{[}4{]} array;` \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Array with pre-set content & `string{[}3{]} array = \{"Banana", "Orange", "Apple"\}` \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Access the n\textasciicircum{}th\textasciicircum{} value of an array & `array{[}n-1{]};` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Assign a value to an array & `array{[}n-1{]} = "Pear";` \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.73735 cm} x{2.23965 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Changing Values}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Create a new String variable & `String variableName;` \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Assign "Pear" to the variable & `variableName = "Pear";` \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{This method works for other variable types, too. Keep in mind of the data type that you are assigning to a variable, though. You cannot assign `"Pear"` to an `int`, for example.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{While Loops}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{While loops will repeatedly run the code inside it until the `condition` is `false`, in which the loop will stop and the code after it will continue.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`while (condition) \{` \newline `    // code here` \newline `\}`}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Declare a function & `void myFunc()\{\{nl\}\}   // code here\{\{nl\}\}\}` \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Declare a function that returns an `int` & `int myFunc()\{\{\{nl\}\}   return 1;\{\{nl\}\}\}` \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Declare a function that takes a String parameter & `void myFunc(String param) \{\{\{nl\}\}   // code here\{\{nl\}\}\}` \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Store the return value of a function in a variable & `int variableName = myFunc();` \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Combine these concepts to create different types of functions that suit your needs. You can have a function that returns an `int` value with a `String` parameter, for example. Use `void` if your function doesn't return anything.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.13551 cm} x{1.84149 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arduino}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Set digital pin `n` to INPUT. & `pinMode(n, INPUT);` \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Set digital pin `n` to OUTPUT. & `pinMode(n, OUTPUT);` \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Read digital pin `n` (returns boolean) & \seqsplit{`digitalRead(n);`} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Write to digital pin `n` (LOW or HIGH) & \seqsplit{`digitalWrite(n}, LOW);` \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Read value of analog pin A0 (returns int) & \seqsplit{`analogRead(A0);`} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Motor}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Create a new motor plugged into port M1 & `Adafruit\_DCMotor *myMotor = AFMS.getMotor(1);` \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Set speed of a motor (0-255) & `motor-\textgreater{}setSpeed(100);` \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Change motor direction (FORWARD, BACKWARD, RELEASE) & `motor-\textgreater{}run(FORWARD);` \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.03597 cm} x{1.94103 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Encoder}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Create a new encoder plugged in pins 2 and 3 & `Encoder myEncoder(2, 3);` \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Read encoder (returns long) & \seqsplit{`Encoder.read();`} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Write to encoder & \seqsplit{`Encoder.write(0);`} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}