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el perro, la perra, los perros, las perras. el gato, la gata, los gatos, las gatas. AR Verbs Regular - Present
Affirmative sentence: ¡yo hablo español bien! Negative sentence: yo no hablo español bien... Question sentence: a) ¿tú hablas español? [intonation] b) ¿Hablas tú español? ['inversion'] estudiar, viajar, comprar, trabajar, necesitar, pagar, bailar, cocinar, desayunar, almorzar, cenar, tomar ER Verbs Regular - Present
Comer, leer, creer, correr, aprender, deber, comprender, vender IR Verbs Regular - Present
Yo vivo en Barcelona. Y vosotros, ¿dónde vivís? [Escribir]: ella escribe un correo electrónico para sus amigos. permitir, abrir, recibir, asistir a, existir, sufrir, decidir, unir, partir CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunctions are good for conversations, combining several sentences / ideas in a fluid way. Indirect Direct Object Pronouns
Direct objects answer the questions "to/for Whom?". Example: Ella dio la carta a Pedro ( She gave the letter to Pedro ) 1) Ella le dio la carta. ( "le" (I.O.P) substitutes "a Pedro" ) 2) "la carta" is the D.O. It would be substituted by "la". 3) BUT you can't put in a row two pronouns that start with "L". You then substitute "le" for "se". The final sentence is: Ella se la dio. |
Personal Pronouns
Vosotros is more often used in Spain. Ustedes is mostly used in Latinamerica. Gustar (to like) -"Backward" verbs
"I like the red apple. Do you-all like green apples?" - Me gusta la manzana roja. (sg) ¿Os gustan las manzanas verdes?? (pl) A ella le gustan los libros. Yo prefiero los video-juegos Other "backward" verbs: doler, aburrir, agrada, encantar, fascinar. Verbs: Ser / Estar (to be) - Present
Ser - essence permanent, profession, citizenship Yo soy de Nueva Zelanda Yo soy peluquera Estar: temporary. Mood, location. yo estoy en Paris. Yo estoy feliz. NÚMEROS! 1-> 20
IMPORTANT VERBS: HABER / HACER
Haber is very useful to create sentences about the past, easily with the Past pasticiple of the accompanying verb. E.g. "yo he comido Paella la semana pasada" Past participle: hablado, comido, vivido, special: escrito, "visto", "hecho". |
Possessive Adjectives
mi perro/a, mis gatos/as, mi casa es su casa. Nuestra casa es muy linda. VERBS IRREGULAR
e -> ie (1st, 2nd, 3rd singular and 3rd person plural) o -> ue ((1st, 2nd, 3rd singular and 3rd person plural) QUESTIONS - Open
NÚMEROS: 20 -> 100
IMPORTANT VERBS: "IR " with "a" preposition
Examples: a) "yo voy a Barcelona" "Vamos a Zürich" (I am going to Barclona) Using "ir a" followed by an infinitive is an easy way to create a future tense: b) "yo voy a cocinar Pollo esta noche" (I am going to cook Chicken tonight) Direct Objects: SHE LOVES YOU, yeah, yeah, yeah
Direct Object pronouns substitutes the Direct Object. Notice that, in English, you don't say "She loves I", but "She loves me": Direct objects answer the questions "Who?" / What?" |
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Spanish Grammar Basics Cheat Sheet by JohnPCo
Spanish Basic Grammar for Conversation
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