\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{JohnPCo (JohnPCo)} \pdfinfo{ /Title (spanish-grammar-basics.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (JohnPCo (JohnPCo)) /Subject (Spanish Grammar Basics Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{5343A3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F4F3F9} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Spanish Grammar Basics Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{JohnPCo (JohnPCo)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/114354/cs/21753/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}JohnPCo (JohnPCo) \\ \uline{cheatography.com/johnpco} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 16th February, 2020.\\ Updated 4th March, 2020.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.19002 cm} x{1.60195 cm} x{1.78503 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Articles}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{ {\emph{fem.}} }} & {\bf{ {\emph{masc.}} }} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} the (sg.) & la & el \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} the (pl.) & l{\bf{as}} & l{\bf{os}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} a (sg.) & un{\bf{a}} & un \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} a (pl.) & un{\bf{as}} & un{\bf{os}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{el perro, la perra, los perros, las perras. \newline el gato, la gata, los gatos, las gatas.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.83689 cm} x{2.14011 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{AR Verbs Regular - Present}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & HABL{\bf{AR}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} yo & habl{\bf{o}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tú & habl{\bf{as}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} ella/él & habl{\bf{a}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} nosotras/os & habl{\bf{amos}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} vosotras/os & habl{\bf{ais}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ellas/os ustedes & habl{\bf{an}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Affirmative}} sentence: {\emph{¡yo hablo español bien!}} \newline {\bf{Negative}} sentence: {\emph{yo {\bf{no}} hablo español bien...}} \newline {\bf{Question}} sentence: a) {\emph{¿tú hablas español?}} {[}intonation{]} \newline b) {\emph{¿Hablas tú español?}} {[}'inversion'{]} \newline \newline estudiar, viajar, comprar, trabajar, necesitar, pagar, bailar, cocinar, desayunar, almorzar, cenar, tomar} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.93643 cm} x{2.04057 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ER Verbs Regular - Present}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\emph{BEB{\bf{ER}}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} yo & beb{\bf{o}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tú & beb{\bf{es}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} ella/él & beb{\bf{e}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} nosotras/os & beb{\bf{emos}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} vosotras/os & beb{\bf{eis}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ellas/os ustedes & beb{\bf{en}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Comer, leer, creer, correr, aprender, deber, comprender, vender} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.93643 cm} x{2.04057 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IR Verbs Regular - Present}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & VIV{\bf{IR}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} yo & viv{\bf{o}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tú & viv{\bf{es}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} ella/él & viv{\bf{e}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} nosotras/os & viv{\bf{imos}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} vosotras/os & viv{\bf{is}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ellas/os ustedes & viv{\bf{en}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{ {\bf{Yo vivo}} en Barcelona. Y {\bf{vosotros}}, ¿dónde {\bf{vivís}}?}} \newline {[}Escribir{]}: {\emph{ {\bf{ella escribe}} un correo electrónico para sus amigos.}} \newline \newline permitir, abrir, recibir, {\emph{asistir a}}, existir, sufrir, decidir, unir, partir} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04517 cm} x{3.93183 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CONJUNCTIONS}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} after & {\bf{después}} del Tsunami de Fukushima \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} before & {\bf{antes}} de la llegada de King Kong \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} and & Yo {\bf{y}} tú. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} or & Yo {\bf{o}} mi fortuna? \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} that & Pienso {\bf{que}} el boleto es muy caro \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} that's why & {\bf{es por eso que}} quiero ir a Madrid \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} to & {\bf{para}} aprender, hay que conversar! \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{although} & {\bf{aunque}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} if & {\bf{{\emph{Si}}}} yo fuera rico... \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} then & {\bf{{\emph{entonces}}}} fui a Madrid \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} until & {\bf{hasta}} que lleguen las lluvias \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} since & {\bf{desde}} que aprendí español... \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} because & Te amo {\bf{porque}} tienes mucho dinero! \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Conjunctions are good for conversations, combining several sentences / ideas in a fluid way.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Indirect Direct Object Pronouns}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{She gave the letter to...} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{me}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{me}}}} dio la carta \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{you}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{te}}}} dio la carta \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{him / her}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{le}}}} dio la carta \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{us}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{nos}}}} dio la carta \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{you-all}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{os}}}} dio la carta \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{them}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{les}}}} dio la carta \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Direct objects answer the questions "to/for Whom?". \newline \newline Example: Ella dio la carta a Pedro ({\emph{ She gave the letter to Pedro }}) \newline 1) Ella {\bf{{\emph{le}}}} dio la carta. ({\emph{ "le" (I.O.P) substitutes "a Pedro" }}) \newline 2) "la carta" is the D.O. It would be substituted by "la". \newline 3) BUT you can't put in a row two pronouns that start with "L". You then substitute "le" for "se". The final sentence is: \newline \newline Ella {\bf{se la}} dio.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69349 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.3731 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Personal Pronouns}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} i & yo & \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} you & tú & \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} he & él & \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} she & ella & \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\emph{ {\bf{masc.}} }} & {\emph{ {\bf{fem.}} }} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} we & nosotr{\bf{os}} & nosotr{\bf{as}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} you-all (Spain) & vosotr{\bf{os}} & vosotr{\bf{as}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} they / you-all & ell{\bf{os}} & ell{\bf{as}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Vosotros}} is more often used in Spain. \newline {\bf{Ustedes}} is mostly used in Latinamerica.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.73232 cm} x{1.60195 cm} x{2.24273 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gustar (to like) -"Backward" verbs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Ind Obj Pron & \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} to me & {\bf{me}} & gusta (sg)\{\{nl\}\}gusta{\bf{n}} (pl) \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} to you & {\bf{te}} & \{\{ac\}\}" \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} to \seqsplit{him/her} & {[}{\emph{A ella/él}}{]} {\bf{le}} & \{\{ac\}\}" \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} to us & {\bf{nos}} & \{\{ac\}\}" \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} to \seqsplit{you-all} & {\bf{os}} & \{\{ac\}\}" \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} to them & {[}{\emph{A ellas/os}}{]} {\bf{les}} & \{\{ac\}\}" \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}"I like the red apple. Do you-all like green apples?" - \newline {\bf{Me gusta}} la manzana roja. ({\emph{sg}}) \{\{nl\}\}¿{\bf{Os gustan}} la{\bf{s}} manzana{\bf{s}} verde{\bf{s}}?? ({\emph{pl}}) \newline {\bf{A ella le gustan}} los libros. Yo prefiero los video-juegos \newline Other "backward" verbs: doler, aburrir, agrada, encantar, fascinar.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.15119 cm} x{1.09848 cm} x{1.32733 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Verbs: Ser / Estar (to be) - Present}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{{\emph{Ser}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{Estar}}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} yo & soy & est{\bf{oy}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tú & eres & est{\bf{ás}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} ella/él & es & est{\bf{á}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} nosotras/os & somos & est{\bf{amos}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} vosotras/os & sois & est{\bf{ais}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ellas/os - ustedes & son & est{\bf{an}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ser - essence permanent, profession, citizenship}} \newline Yo soy de Nueva Zelanda \newline Yo soy peluquera \newline {\bf{Estar: temporary. Mood, location.}} \newline yo estoy en Paris. Yo estoy feliz.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NÚMEROS! 1-\textgreater{} 20}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} uno & {\bf{{\emph{once}}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} dos & {\bf{{\emph{doce}}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tres & {\bf{{\emph{trece}}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} cuatro & {\bf{{\emph{catorce}}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} cinco & {\bf{{\emph{quince}}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} seis & {\bf{dieci}}seis \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} siete & {\bf{dieci}}siete \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} ocho & {\bf{dieci}}ocho \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} nueve & {\bf{dieci}}nueve \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} diez & {\bf{veinte}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.82386 cm} x{1.92234 cm} x{1.8308 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IMPORTANT VERBS: HABER / HACER}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{{\emph{Haber}}}} (aux to have) & {\bf{{\emph{Hacer}}}} (to make/do) \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} yo & he & {\bf{hag}}o \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tú & has & haces \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{ella/él} & ha & hace \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{nosotras/os} & hemos & hacemos \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{vosotras/os} & habéis & hacéis \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{ellas/os} & han & hacen \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Haber is very useful to create sentences about the past, easily with the Past pasticiple of the accompanying verb. \newline E.g. "yo {\bf{he comido}} Paella la semana pasada" \newline \newline Past participle: habl{\bf{ado}}, com{\bf{ido}}, viv{\bf{ido}}, special: {\emph{escrito}}, "visto", "hecho".} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.41887 cm} x{1.60195 cm} x{1.55618 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Possessive Adjectives}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\emph{ {\bf{sg.}} }} & {\emph{ {\bf{pl.}} }} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} my & mi & mis \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} your & tu & tus \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} his/her & su & sus \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} our & nuestro & nuestros \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} our (fem.) & nuestra & nuestras \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} your (pl.) & vuestro & vuestras \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} their & su & sus \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{mi perr{\bf{o/a}}, mis gat{\bf{os/as}}, {\emph{ {\bf{mi}} casa es {\bf{su}} casa}}. \newline Nuestr{\bf{a}} cas{\bf{a}} es muy linda.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.50372 cm} x{0.91894 cm} x{0.8354 cm} x{0.91894 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{VERBS IRREGULAR}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{nobreak\}\} & {\bf{Querer}} & {\bf{Poder}} & {\bf{Tener}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} yo & {\bf{quier}}o & {\bf{pued}}o & {\bf{{\emph{ten}}}}go \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tú & {\bf{quier}}es & {\bf{pued}}es & {\bf{tien}}es \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} ella/él & {\bf{quier}}e & {\bf{pued}}e & {\bf{tien}}e \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} nosotras/os & \seqsplit{queremos} & podemos & tenemos \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} vosotras/os & quereis & podeis & teneis \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ellas/os - ustedes & {\bf{quier}}en & {\bf{pued}}en & {\bf{tien}}en \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{e -\textgreater{} ie}} (1st, 2nd, 3rd singular and 3rd person plural) \newline {\bf{o -\textgreater{} ue}} ((1st, 2nd, 3rd singular and 3rd person plural)} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{QUESTIONS - Open}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} What & {\bf{Qué}} es eso? \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Where & {\bf{Dónde}} está la estación de tren? \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} From where...? & {\bf{De dónde}} eres {[}tú{]}? \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} When... & Dime {\bf{cuándo}}, cuándo, cuándo... \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Which & Cuál (sg) / Cuáles (pl) \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} How & {\bf{Cómo}} se dice...? \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Why & {\bf{Por qué}} te gusta Madrid? \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} Because & {\bf{porque}} la vida es así. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} how much & {\bf{Cuánto}} cuesta...? \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} how many & {\bf{Cuántos}} años tienes? \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NÚMEROS: 20 -\textgreater{} 100}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} veinte (20) & {\bf{veinti}}uno, veintidos, veintitres... \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} treinta (30) & {\bf{treinti}}uno, treintidos, ... \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} cuarenta (40) & {\bf{cuarenti}}uno, cuarentidos, ... \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} cincuenta (50) & {\bf{cincuenti}}uno, cincuentidos, ... \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} sesenta (60) & {\bf{sesenti}}uno, sesentidos, ... \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} setenta (70) & {\bf{setenti}}uno, setentidos, ... \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ochenta (80) & {\bf{ochenti}}uno, ochentidos, ... \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} noventa (90) & {\bf{noventi}}uno, noventidos, ... \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{{\emph{cien}}}} (100) & {\bf{ciento}} uno, ciento dos, ... \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.03597 cm} x{1.94103 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IMPORTANT VERBS: "IR " with "a" preposition}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} yo & {\bf{voy}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} tú & vas \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ella/él & va \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} nosotras/os & vamos \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} vosotras/os & vais \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} ellas/os & van \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Examples: \newline a) "yo voy a Barcelona" "Vamos a Zürich" \newline (I am going to Barclona) \newline \newline Using {\bf{{\emph{"ir a"}}}} followed by {\bf{{\emph{an infinitive}}}} is an easy way to create a {\bf{future tense:}} \newline b) "yo voy a cocinar Pollo esta noche" \newline (I am going to cook Chicken tonight)} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Direct Objects: SHE LOVES YOU, yeah, yeah, yeah}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} She loves {\emph{me}} & Ella {\bf{me}} ama \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} She loves {\emph{you}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{te}}}} ama \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} She loves {\emph{her}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{la}}}} ama \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} She loves {\emph{him}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{lo}}}} ama \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} She loves {\emph{us}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{nos}}}} ama \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} She loves {\emph{you-all}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{os}}}} ama \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} She loves {\emph{them}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{los/las}}}} ama \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Direct Object pronouns substitutes the Direct Object. Notice that, in English, you don't say "She loves I", but "She loves {\bf{{\emph{me}}}}": \newline \newline Direct objects answer the questions "Who?" / What?"} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}