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Sensation and Perceptionsensation | stimulation fo sense organs | perception | selection, organization and interpretation of sensory input |
Information Processing in the Retinareceptive field of visual light | the retina area that when stimulated affects firing of that cell | light in the center of receptive field | increases firing rate | light in the outside of receptive field | decreases firing rate | lateral antagonism | occurs when neural activity in a cell opposes activity in surrounding cells |
Perceiving Forms, Pattern and ObjectsFeature Analysis | process of detecting specific elements in visual input and assembling them in to a more complex form | bottom up | individual to whole | top down | whole to elements | phi phenomenon | illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid success | gestalt principles | how the visual system organizes a scene into discreet forms |
Theories of Hearingplace theory | perception pitch corresponds to the vibration of different places along the basilar membrane | frequency theory | perception of pitch corresponds to the rate/ frequency at which the entire basilar membrane vibrates |
Taste and Smellcilia | receptive for smell in nose |
| | Psychophysicspsychophysics | study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience | Signal Detection Theory | the detection of stimuli involves decision proccesses along as sensory processes which are both influenced by a variety of factors besides stimulus intensity |
Vision and the Braintwo channels | magnocellular and parvocellular |
Perceiving Depth or Distancebinocular depth cues | clues about distance based on the differing views of hte two eyes | retinal disparity | refers to the fact that object within 25 feet project to slightly different locations on the right and left retinas so each eye sees a slight different view of the object | convergence | involves sensing the eye converging towards each other as they focus on closer objects | monocular depth cues | clues about the distance move across the retina at different rates | motion parallax | images at different distances move across the retina at different rates | pictorial depth cues | cues about distance that can be given i na flat picture |
Other Senseskinaesthetic system | monitors the position of the various parts of the body | vestibular system | responds to gravity and keeps you informed of your body's location in space |
| | Sightamplitude | brightness | wavelength | perception of color |
Information Processing in the Visual Cortexfeature detectors | neurons that respond selectively to a very specific features of more complex stimuli |
viewing the world in colorwavelength | hue | amplitude | brightness | purity | saturation | subtractive color mixing | works by removing some wavelngth of light, leaving less light than originally there | additive color mixing | works by superimposing lights, putting more light in the mixture than exists in any one light by itself | trichromatic theory | color vision holds that the human eye has 3 types of receptors with differing sensitivities to different light wavelengths | opponent process theory | color vision holds that colour perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to three pairs of colour |
Hearingwavelength | frequency or hertz | amplitude | decibels | external ear | vibrations of air | middle ear | vibration of movable bones | inner ear | waves in a fluid | pinna | sound collecting cone |
Perceiving Sources of Soundmost important for finding source of sound | loudness and timing |
Touchreceptive field for touch | when touched neurons fire to the brain alerting it | pain has two pathways to the brain | slow and fast | gate control theory | incoming pain sensations must pass through a "gate" i nteh spinal cord that can be closed, thus blocking ascending pain signals |
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