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Mitosis VS Meiosis
Mitosis |
Cell Division |
Produces Daughter Cells |
Replaces Old Cells, Adds New |
Meiosis |
Production of Gametes |
Produces Daughter Cells with 1/2 as many chromosomes as the starting cell. |
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Patterns of Inheritance
Law of Dominance
One allele is dominant. It always shows unless it isn't present |
Law of Segregation
During production of gametes, 2 copies of each allele separate. Therefore, one allele is needed from each parent. |
Law of Independent Assortment
Individual alleles assort independently. This gives different traits equal chance of occurring together. |
Incomplete dominance
Dominant allele partially expressed, resulting in an intermediate phenotype Example: Rr If Red is Dominant and White is recessive, the phenotype is pink. |
Codominance
2 dominant alleles, Phenotype is neither dominant nor recessive. Example: In blood, types A and B are codominant, O is recessive. AB blood is therefore possible. |
Sex-Linked Inheritance
A trait is associated with the X or Y chromosome. (Males can never be carrier). |
Polygenic Inheritance
Multiple genes affect one trait Examples: Hair color, skin color, eye color) |
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Patterns of Inheritance Examples
Law of Dominance |
Pea Plants |
Law of Segregation |
Pea Plants |
Law of IA |
Mendelian Dyhybrid Cross (Peas) |
Incomplete Dom. |
Pink Roses |
Codominance |
AB Blood Type |
Sex Linked Inheritance |
Color Blindness, Muscular
Dystrophy, Hemophelia |
Polygenic Inheritance |
Skin/Eye/Hair Color |
Epistasis |
Red Hair, Albinism |
Mutations
Nondisjunction
failed separation of homologous chromosomes - aneuploidy (trisomy, polyploidy |
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