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Metals and Their Uses Cheat Sheet by

1. Common properties and uses of metals. 2. Corrosion and rusting. 3. The reactions of metals with water. 4. The reactions of metals with acids. 5. The properties of alloys and their use.

Properties of Alloys and Their Uses

Alloys -> Mixture of two or more metals
Increased Strength: Alloys are usually stronger than pure metals, making them suitable for constr­uction and manufa­ctu­ring.
Improved Resistance to Corrosion: Many alloys, like stainless steel, resist rust and corrosion better than the base metal.
Enhanced Hardness: Alloys are often harder than the metals they are made from, which helps in making cutting tools and machinery.
Tailored Magnetic or Lightw­eight Proper­ties: Certain alloys are used for their magnetic properties (like alnico) or light weight (like aluminum alloys in aircraft).
Better Heat and Electrical Proper­ties: Some alloys are designed to have specific heat or electrical conduc­tivity, like nichrome for heating elements.

Metal + Water

Metal + Water -> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
Mg(s) + 2H2O(I) -> Mg(OH)2 (aq*) + H2 (g)
*Auqueous: Chemical substance that is in the form of a solution in water

Metal + Oxygen

Metal + Oxygen -> Metal Oxide
2Mg(s) + O2 (g) -> 2MgO(S)
 

Properties and Uses of Metals

Conductors of heat and electr­icity (copper, electrical wiring)
Malleable and Ductile (aluminum, airplanes and cans)
High melting points and are solid at room temper­ature, except mercury (iron, cooking pans)
Shiny (gold and silvers, jewelry and electr­onics)
Strong and Durable (iron and steel, buildings and machines)

Corrosion and Rusting

Rusting -> chemical reaction where iron reacts with oxygen and water to form a reddis­h-brown substance called rust. Occurs because of oxidation.
Corrosion -> Formation of compounds of metals due to oxidation reaction.
Prevent -> Painti­ng/­coa­ting, Galvan­iza­tion, Stainless steel, Powder coating
Factors Influe­ncing -> High temper­ature, acidic PH, oxygen, high flow velocity
Aluminum & Titanium -> Form an oxide layer to be stronger (Does not weaken the iron structure)

Metal + Acids

Metal + Acid -> Salt + Hydrogen gas
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Hydroc­hloric Acid
Chloride
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfate
Nitric Acid
Nitrate
To obtain salt:
1. React metal with acid
2. Filter out excess metal
3. Heat the solution to evaporate water
4. Crystals of salt remain
 

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