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Defined the basics of Replication and Enzymes used in Replication.
REPLICATION
DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. |
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Basic Process of DNA Replication
1. Activation of Deoxyribonucleotides |
2. Unwinding of DNA |
3.Recognition of Initiation Point |
4.Formation of RNA primers |
5.Base Pairing |
6.Conversion of Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate to monophosphate |
7.Formation of new DNA chains on RNA primers |
8.Editing and Proof reading and DNA Repair |
Enzymes used
Topoisomerase- SS DNA bread= Release tension |
Helicase- Separation of two strands |
Primase- RNA Primer synthesis |
SSBP- Stops two strands from forming bonds. |
DNA Polymerase- Forms nucleotides or adds nucleotides to new strands. |
DNA ligase- Seals the DNA |
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Activation of Deoxxyribonucleotide
Phosphorylation |
AMP,GMP,TMP,CMP that are monophosphates of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine are activated by Phosphorylation into triphosphate by uniting with ATP. |
Recognition of initiation point
Specific initiator proteins recognise the initiation point of DNA. |
Base Pairing
Purines (A and G) pairs with Pyrimidines (C and T) by hydrogen bond. |
A forms double bond with T and G forms triple bond with C. |
Formation of new DNA chains on RNA primers
This energy is utilised in joining the adjacent nucleotides to form polynucleotides chains. |
Process is catalysed by DNA Polymerase, Mn++ and Mg++ ions. |
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Formation of RNA Primers
DNA directed RNA polymerase synthesises a short priming strand of RNA called Primer. |
Enzyme Primase brings all polymerisation of RNA Primer. |
Unwinding of DNA
Helicase binds to ORI (Origin of Replication) |
Topoisomerase helps in making nick in DNA molecule at the origin. It can also reseal. |
To stablise single strand of DNA- Single stranded binding proteins(SSBP) gets attached |
Conversion of triphosphates to monophosphates
Enzyme Pyrophosphatase hydrolyses the pyrophosphate into inorganic phosphate and energy. |
Editing and Proof reading and DNA Repair
If any wrong base gets incorporated during DNA Replication, it is removed by DNA Polymerase. |
DNA Ligase joins newly synthesised DNA. |
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