Floroquinolones
Prototype Med |
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) |
Other Meds |
Ofloxacin |
| |
Moxifloxacin (Avelox) |
Used in the treatment of bacterial infections and UTIs. They also protect against anthrax after exposure to its spores.
Therapeutic Use
Treats a wide range of bacterial infections, including severe urinary tract disorders. |
Prevents anthrax (following inhalation of anthrax spores) in both adults and children. |
Adverse Drug Reactions
Dizziness, headache; confusion in older clients |
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
Achilles tendon rupture (rare), especially in older clients, and clients taking glucocorticoids, and transplant recipients |
Photosensitivity (sunburn-like reaction) even with indirect sun exposure, sunlamp exposure; may occur despite use of sunscreen |
Severe adverse reactions include seizures, intracranial pressure, suicidal ideation, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis, CDAD |
Nursing Interventions
Monitor for and report GI symptoms (a decrease in the dose may need to occur). |
Monitor for and report tendon pain during treatment (discontinue if pain occurs). |
Don’t allow clients to go outdoors without covering their skin with clothing. They also need to apply sunscreen to areas of exposure. |
Interactions
Antacids, iron preparations, calcium (including dairy products), and sucralfate (Carafate) decrease oral absorption. |
Increases theophylline levels and the risk for CNS symptoms. |
Increases warfarin (Coumadin) levels. |
Concurrent use of erythromycin, quinidine, some antipsychotics, and tricyclic antidepressants can increase the risk for torsade de pointes in those susceptible. |
Increased hypoglycemia may occur when taken concurrently with antidiabetic medication. |
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Administrationdverse Drug Reactions**
Available in oral and IV forms. |
• Infuse slowly over at least 60 min; follow recommendations for dilution.
• Incompatible with multiple other drugs in IV solution or IV tubing.
Patient Education
Report CNS and GI symptoms to provider. |
Decrease caffeine use during treatment. |
Report tendon pain to provider. |
Avoid exposure to sunlight or sunlamp/wear sunscreen/protective clothes |
Take antacids, iron, calcium, dairy products, and sucralfate 2 hr after or 6 hr before oral ciprofloxacin. |
Encourage patients to drink at least 1,500 to 2,000 mL of fluids/day |
Contraindications
Allergy to any fluoroquinolone |
Tendon pain |
Myasthenia gravis |
Precautions
Serious CNS disorders (seizure disorder)/ GI disorders |
Renal impairment |
Coumadin therapy |
Children under 18 |
Pregnancy risk |
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