FloroquinolonesPrototype Med | Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) | Other Meds | Ofloxacin | | | Moxifloxacin (Avelox) |
Used in the treatment of bacterial infections and UTIs. They also protect against anthrax after exposure to its spores. Therapeutic UseTreats a wide range of bacterial infections, including severe urinary tract disorders. | Prevents anthrax (following inhalation of anthrax spores) in both adults and children. |
Adverse Drug ReactionsDizziness, headache; confusion in older clients | nausea, vomiting, diarrhea | Achilles tendon rupture (rare), especially in older clients, and clients taking glucocorticoids, and transplant recipients | Photosensitivity (sunburn-like reaction) even with indirect sun exposure, sunlamp exposure; may occur despite use of sunscreen | Severe adverse reactions include seizures, intracranial pressure, suicidal ideation, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis, CDAD |
Nursing InterventionsMonitor for and report GI symptoms (a decrease in the dose may need to occur). | Monitor for and report tendon pain during treatment (discontinue if pain occurs). | Don’t allow clients to go outdoors without covering their skin with clothing. They also need to apply sunscreen to areas of exposure. |
InteractionsAntacids, iron preparations, calcium (including dairy products), and sucralfate (Carafate) decrease oral absorption. | Increases theophylline levels and the risk for CNS symptoms. | Increases warfarin (Coumadin) levels. | Concurrent use of erythromycin, quinidine, some antipsychotics, and tricyclic antidepressants can increase the risk for torsade de pointes in those susceptible. | Increased hypoglycemia may occur when taken concurrently with antidiabetic medication. |
| | Administrationdverse Drug Reactions**Available in oral and IV forms. |
• Infuse slowly over at least 60 min; follow recommendations for dilution.
• Incompatible with multiple other drugs in IV solution or IV tubing. Patient EducationReport CNS and GI symptoms to provider. | Decrease caffeine use during treatment. | Report tendon pain to provider. | Avoid exposure to sunlight or sunlamp/wear sunscreen/protective clothes | Take antacids, iron, calcium, dairy products, and sucralfate 2 hr after or 6 hr before oral ciprofloxacin. | Encourage patients to drink at least 1,500 to 2,000 mL of fluids/day |
ContraindicationsAllergy to any fluoroquinolone | Tendon pain | Myasthenia gravis |
PrecautionsSerious CNS disorders (seizure disorder)/ GI disorders | Renal impairment | Coumadin therapy | Children under 18 | Pregnancy risk |
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