Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
Treats type 2 diabetes mellitus
Adverse Drug Reactions
Hypoglycemia |
Nausea, diarrhea |
Nursing Interventions
Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (diaphoresis, tachycardia, fatigue, excessive hunger, tremors). |
If the client is conscious, give glucose orally in either pill form, 2–3 tsp of sugar, glass of orange juice, honey, or corn syrup dissolved in water. |
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If the client is not conscious, give intravenous glucose; give parenteral glucagon if IV not available |
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Check the client’s blood glucose every 15–20 minutes. |
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Continue treatment until the blood glucose has returned to the expected reference range and the client is no longer symptomatic. |
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Monitor for persistent nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. |
Monitor CBC levels |
Drug Administration
Give orally 30 min before selected meal. |
Make sure clients swallow the sustained-release form whole and do not crush or chew it. |
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Patient Education
Wear a medical alert bracelet. |
Watch for and report symptoms of hypoglycemia. |
Test blood glucose to confirm. |
Consume a snack of carbohydrates. |
Retest in 15 to 20 min and repeat if still low |
Carry a carbohydrate snack at all times. |
Contraindications
Pregnancy, lactation (insulin is recommended during pregnancy) |
Diabetic ketoacidosis |
Precautions
Renal or hepatic dysfunction |
Adrenal or pituitary insufficiency |
Interactions
Alcohol poses a risk for a disulfiram (Antabuse)-like reaction (nausea, palpitations, flushing) and increases hypoglycemic effects. |
Sulfonamide antibiotics, NSAIDs, oral anticoagulants, salicylates, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and cimetidine (Tagamet) increase hypoglycemic effects. |
Thiazides counteract hypoglycemic effects |
Beta blockers mask manifestations of hypoglycemia |
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