Cheatography
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Treats type 2 diabetes mellitus
Adverse Drug ReactionsHypoglycemia | Nausea, diarrhea |
Nursing InterventionsMonitor for signs of hypoglycemia (diaphoresis, tachycardia, fatigue, excessive hunger, tremors). | If the client is conscious, give glucose orally in either pill form, 2–3 tsp of sugar, glass of orange juice, honey, or corn syrup dissolved in water. | | | If the client is not conscious, give intravenous glucose; give parenteral glucagon if IV not available | | | Check the client’s blood glucose every 15–20 minutes. | | | Continue treatment until the blood glucose has returned to the expected reference range and the client is no longer symptomatic. | | | Monitor for persistent nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. | Monitor CBC levels |
Drug AdministrationGive orally 30 min before selected meal. | Make sure clients swallow the sustained-release form whole and do not crush or chew it. |
| | Patient EducationWear a medical alert bracelet. | Watch for and report symptoms of hypoglycemia. | Test blood glucose to confirm. | Consume a snack of carbohydrates. | Retest in 15 to 20 min and repeat if still low | Carry a carbohydrate snack at all times. |
ContraindicationsPregnancy, lactation (insulin is recommended during pregnancy) | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
PrecautionsRenal or hepatic dysfunction | Adrenal or pituitary insufficiency |
InteractionsAlcohol poses a risk for a disulfiram (Antabuse)-like reaction (nausea, palpitations, flushing) and increases hypoglycemic effects. | Sulfonamide antibiotics, NSAIDs, oral anticoagulants, salicylates, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and cimetidine (Tagamet) increase hypoglycemic effects. | Thiazides counteract hypoglycemic effects | Beta blockers mask manifestations of hypoglycemia |
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