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Brief information on the family of virus - Reoviridae.
Basic Information
Linear double-stranded RNA genome and non-enveloped |
Sub-families
sedoreovirinae |
spinareovirinae |
size and genome
60 to 85 nm |
dsRNA |
11 segments |
size of genome - 10 - 27 kb |
Protein
6 structural proteins |
VP1 |
RdRp |
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VP2 |
Core protein |
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VP3 |
Guanylyltransferase |
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VP4 |
spike protein - cleaves VP5 and VP8 |
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VP6 |
Intermediate capsid |
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VP7 |
neutralization of Ag |
6 Non-structural protein |
NSP1 |
Interferon antagonist |
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NSP2 |
NTPase - viroplasms with NSP5 |
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NSP3 |
Translation enhancer |
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NSP4 |
Viroporins |
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NSP5 |
Viroplasms with NSP2 |
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NSP6 |
Interacts with NSP5 |
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Replication
Efficient replication requires cleavage of the outer capsid spike protein VP4, which allows the structurally flexible spike protein, VP4, to undergo conformational changes to interact with a series of cellular receptors. |
The virus is internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis. The low calcium of the endosome releases outer capsid VP7 trimers, resulting in a conformational change in the VP4 spike protein that releases the transcriptionally active double-layered particles into the cytoplasm. |
Viral messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are used to translate proteins and as templates for RNA genome replication and packaging into newly made double-layered particles (DLPs) that occurs in specialized structures called viroplasms that co-localize and require components of lipid droplets for formation. |
Triple-layered particle (TLP) assembly is completed by a unique process involving binding of newly made DLPs to NSP4 that serves as an intracellular receptor, followed by particles budding into the endoplasmic reticulum |
During this process, transient enveloped particles are seen, the outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7 are assembled, and the transient envelope is lost. |
The viral glycoproteins do not traffic to the Golgi. In polarized epithelial cells, particles are released both by viral lysis and by a nonclassical vesicular transport mechanism. |
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